List of articles in robotics and automation

This list is arranged by the year and the name of the first author. Any omissions, mistakes and inconsistencies please communicate to the authors of compilation (michal@5z.com). (If you are pointing to any reference, please use its ID# -- the last number in the reference.) You are welcome to use this compilation in your work. Proper way to quote it in your paper is: Lebl M., Leblova Z.: Dynamic database of references in molecular diversity. Internet http://www.5z.com.

Recently added entries are marked in bold

1. Aria,F. (2001) Automated multistep solution phase synthesis of diamines and allylic amines. In I.Sucholeiki (Ed.), High-Throughput Synthesis. (pp. 223-227). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. #16467

2. Barkley,A., & Arya,P. (2001) Combinatorial chemistry toward understanding the function(s) of carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates. Chem. Eur. J., 7, 555-563. #16247

3. Baru,M.B., Mustaeva,L.G., Vagenina,I.V., Gorbunova,E.Y., & Cherskii,V.V. (2001) Pressure monitoring of continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis. J. Pept. Res., 57, 193-202. #16617

4. Bickler,J.R., & Rahn,P.C. (2001) High-throughput parallel flash purification using an automated, multichannel UV flash chromatography system. Amer. Lab., 33, 46. #16754

5. Chaturvedi,S., Fisher,P.V., Otteson,K.M. & Bergot,B.J. (2001) Automated robotic parallel synthesis of a small-molecule library using multistep reactions on solid support. In I.Sucholeiki (Ed.), High-Throughput Synthesis. (pp. 169-186). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. #16462

6. Deo,S.K., & Daunert,S. (2001) Luminescent proteins from Aequorea victoria: Applications in drug discovery and in high throughput analysis. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 369, 258-266. #16791

7. Edwards,B.S., Kuckuck,F.W., Prossnitz,E.R., Ransom,J.T., & Sklar,L.A. (2001) HTPS flow cytometry: A novel platform for automated high throughput drug discovery and characterization. J. Biomol. Screen., 6, 83-90. #16798

8. Felten,C., Foret,F., Minarik,M., Goetzinger,W., & Karger,B.L. (2001) Automated high-throughput infusion ESI-MS with direct coupling to a microtiter plate. Anal. Chem., 73, 1449-1454. #16805

9. Fu,W., Wang,J., Liu,M., & Wang,Y. (2001) P.R.o.C.Medical Laboratory Center of South Western Hospital Third Military Medical University. Apparatus and method for combinatorial and automatic detection of a target gene. WO PCT. 01/36667. 1999-192/CN-A1, 1 p. #16658

10. Haag,R. (2001) Dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers as high-loading supports for organic synthesis. Chem. Eur. J., 7, 327-335. #16296

11. Hoeprich,P.D.Jr. (2001) Automating high-throughput organic synthesis. In I.Sucholeiki (Ed.), High-Throughput Synthesis. (pp. 157-167). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. #16461

12. Hu,Y., Baudart,S. & Porco,J.A.Jr. (2001) Multistep synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazoles using "Catch and release". In I.Sucholeiki (Ed.), High-Throughput Synthesis. (pp. 215-222). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. #16466

13. Kirchhoff,E., & Cassidy,C.S. (2001) Industrial applications of automated process research. Chim. Oggi, 19, 69-71. #16689

14. Lebl,M., Pires,J., Burger,C., Ni,Y. & Chen,Y. (2001) Solid-phase parallel synthesis of large tetrahydroisoquinolinone library. In I.Sucholeiki (Ed.), High-Throughput Synthesis. (pp. 187-195). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. #16463

15. Lebl,M. & Pires,J. (2001) Solid-phase parallel synthesis of a large array of tetrahydroisoquinolinones. In I.Sucholeiki (Ed.), High-Throughput Synthesis. (pp. 197-205). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. #16464

16. Li,R., Xiao,X.Y. & Nicolaou,K.C. (2001) High-output solid-phase synthesis of discrete coumpounds using directed split-and-pool strategy. In I.Sucholeiki (Ed.), High-Throughput Synthesis. (pp. 207-213). Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. #16465

17. Plante,O.J., Palmacci,E.R., & Seeberger,P.H. (2001) Automated solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. Science, 291, 1523-1527. #16929

18. Ro,S., Lee,H.J., Ahn,I.A., Shin,D.K., Lee,K.B., Yoon,C.J., & Choi,Y.S. (2001) Torsion angle based design of peptidomimetics: A dipeptidic template adopting beta-I turn (Ac-Aib-AzGly-NH2). Bioorg. Med. Chem., 9, 1837-1841. #16943

19. Van den Nest,W., Yuval,S., & Albericio,F. (2001) Cu(OBt)(2) and Cu(OAt)(2), copper(II)-based racemization suppressors ready for use in fully automated solid-phase peptide synthesis. J. Peptide Sci., 7, 115-120. #16996

20. Walter,G., Konthur,Z., & Lehrach,H. (2001) High-throughput screening of surface displayed gene products. Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screening, 193-205. #16697

21. Carey,R.I. (2000) I.A.G.U.University of Georgia Research Foundation. Na-a,a-dimethyl-3,5-dialkoxylbenzylcarbonyl amino acid 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl and pentafluorophenylesters. US Patent. 6,075,141. 891,134, #14904

22. Castelino,P., Lewis,D., Shimmin,D., Clough,G., & Harding,D. (2000) Automated sample storage for drug discovery. Chim. Oggi, 17, 32-35. #13891

23. Curran,D.P., Hadida,S., Studer,A., He,M., Kim,S.Y., Luo,Z., Larhed,M., Hallberg,A. & Linclau,B. (2000) Experimental techniques in fluorous synthesis: A user's guide. In H.Fenniri (Ed.), Combinatorial Chemistry: A Practical Approach. (pp. 327-352). Oxford University Press, Oxford. #15673

24. Davis,P.W., & Swayze,E.E. (2000) Automated solid-phase synthesis of linear nitrogen-linked compounds. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 71, 19-27. #13944

25. Dukler,A., & Dotan,N. (2000) Carbozyme Nt.Ltd. Combinatorial complex carbohydrate libraries and methods for automated synthesis and uses thereof. WO PCT. 00/49412. 2000-99/IL-A1, 1 p. #15574

26. Enjalbal,C., Martinez,J., & Aubagnac,J.L. (2000) Mass spectrometry in combinatorial chemistry. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 19, 139-161. #15022

27. Flavin,M.T., & Seaney,L.M. (2000) I.L.I.U.Advanced Life Sciences. Use of automated technology in chemical process research and development. US Patent. 6,044,212. 862,840, #14787

28. Furka,A., Hamaker,L.K. & Peterson,M.L. (2000) Synthesis of combinatorial libraries using the portioning-mixing procedure. In H.Fenniri (Ed.), Combinatorial Chemistry: A Practical Approach. (pp. 1-32). Oxford University Press, Oxford. #15664

29. Gildea,B.D., & Coull,J.M. (2000) I.F.M.U.PerSeptive Biosystems. Methods for automated synthesis of PNA-DNA chimeras and compositions thereof. US Patent. 6,063,569. 910,552, #14471

30. Groger,H., Sans,J., & Guthner,T. (2000) 1,3,5-Triazines, versatile industrial building blocks: Synthetic approaches and applications. Chim. Oggi, 18, 12-16. #14397

31. Haag,B.T. (2000) Chemspeed Ltd.: Automated and unattended parallel synthesis integrating work-up and analysis. Chimia, 54, 163-164. #15067

32. Hiebl,J., Hsu,L., Ping,L.J., Shetzline,S.B., Webb,E.C., Armitage,M., Smith,G., & Veal,K. (2000) Automated catalyst screening: An important tool to speed-up the chemical process development in the pharmaceutical industry. Chim. Oggi, 18, 41-44. #16431

33. Hu,X., Smith,G.D., Sykora,M., Lee,S.J., & Grinstaff,M.W. (2000) Automated solid-phase synthesis and photophysical properties of oligodeoxynucleotides labeled at 5'-aminothymidine with Ru(bpy)(2)(4-m-4'-cam-bpy)(2+). Inorg. Chem., 39, 2500-2504. #15098

34. Hulme,C., Ma,L., Cherrier,M.P., Romano,J.J., Morton,G., Duquenne,C., Salvino,J., & Labaudiniere,R. (2000) Novel applications of convertible isonitriles for the synthesis of mono and bicyclic g-lactams via a UDC strategy. Tetrahedron Lett., 41, 1883-1887. #14345

35. Kedar,H., Sugarman,J.H., Binnie,A.A., Barrett,R.W., Chan,S., & Martin,E.L. (2000) I.R.T.P.N.U.Glaxo Wellcome. Method and apparatus for transferring and combining reagents. US Patent. 6,083,761. 982,068, #14778

36. Kedar,H., Sugarman,J.H., Binnie,A.A., & Barrett,R.W. (2000) I.R.T.P.N.U.Glaxo Wellcome. Method and apparatus for transferring and combining distinct chemical compositions with reagents. US Patent. 6,054,325. 887,141, #14475

37. Keifer,P.A., Smallcombe,S.H., Williams,E.H., Salomon,K.E., Mendez,G., Belletire,J.L., & Moore,C.D. (2000) Direct-injection NMR (DI-NMR): A flow NMR technique for the analysis of combinatorial chemistry libraries. Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry, 2, 151-171. #14380

38. Lake,D.A., Johnson,M.V., McEwen,C.N., & Larsen,B.S. (2000) Sample preparation for high throughput accurate mass analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14, 1008-1013. #15154

39. Lebl,M., Pokorny,V., & Krchnak,V. (2000) I.S.D.C.U.Trega Biosciences. Apparatus and method for combinatorial chemistry synthesis. US Patent. 6,045,755. 815,975, #14465

40. Lebl,M. (2000) New technique for high-throughput synthesis of peptides, peptidomimetics and nonpeptide small organic molecule arrrays. In G.B.Fields, J.P.Tam & G.Barany (Eds.), Peptides for the New Millennium. (pp. 164-166). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. #15715

41. Lee,Y.S., Lee,H.J., Lee,D. & Kim,H.J. (2000) Nsc- and Fmoc-amino acids for automated solid-phase peptide synthesis: Comparative study of the stability in various conditions. In G.B.Fields, J.P.Tam & G.Barany (Eds.), Peptides for the New Millennium. (pp. 53-54). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. #15693

42. Lewis,K., Phillips,D., & Sefler,A. (2000) Automated high-throughput quantification of combinatorial arrays. American Pharmaceutical Review, 3, 63-68. #15428

43. Licha,K., Bhargava,S., Rheinlander,C., Becker,A., Schneider-Mergener,J., & Volkmer-Engert,R. (2000) Highly parallel nano-synthesis of cleavable peptide-dye conjugates on cellulose membranes. Tetrahedron Lett., 41, 1711-1715. #14337

44. Manly,C.J. (2000) Managing laboratory automation: Integration and informatics in drug discovery. Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry, 22, 169-170. #16337

45. North,N. (2000) Implementation of analytical technologies in a pharmaceutical development organization-looking into the next millennium. Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry, 22, 41-45. #15224

46. Papen,R.F., Pelc,R.E., Chibucos,N.S., & Meyer,W. (2000) D.G.I.U.Packard Instruments Company. Microvolume liquid handling system. US Patent. 6,083,762. 008,019, #14777

47. Papen,R.F., Pelc,R.E., Chibucos,N.S., & Meyer,W. (2000) D.G.I.U.Packard Instruments Company. Method for aspirating sample liquid into a dispenser tip and thereafter ejecting droplets therethrough. US Patent. 6,079,283. 012,174, #14779

48. Peng,S.X., Henson,C., Strojnowski,M.J., Golebiowski,A., & Klopfenstein,S.R. (2000) Automated high-throughput liquid-liquid extraction for initial purification of combinatorial libraries. Anal. Chem., 72, 261-266. #14104

49. Romanelli,A., De Napoli,L., Messere,A., Montesarchio,D., Piccialli,G., Zaccaro,L., Pedone,C., Rossi,F. & Benedetti,E. (2000) Fully automated synthesis of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates. In G.B.Fields, J.P.Tam & G.Barany (Eds.), Peptides for the New Millennium. (pp. 784-785). Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht. #15752

50. Rust,W.C., & Nielson,R.B. (2000) I.S.C.C.U.Symyx Technologies. Synthesizing combinatorial libraries of materials. WO PCT. 00/67086. 2000-12228/US-A1, 1 p. #15809

51. Sojka,B., Piunno,P.A.E., Wust,C.C., & Krull,U.J. (2000) A novel phosphoramidite method for automated synthesis of oligonucleotides on glass supports for biosensor development. Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 89, 85-103. #16073

52. Studt,T. (2000) Raising the bar on combinatorial discovery. Drug. Dis. Develop., 24-29. #13892

53. Sugawara,T. & Cork,D.G. (2000) Automated solution phase synthesis and its application in combinatorial chemistry. In H.Fenniri (Ed.), Combinatorial Chemistry: A Practical Approach. (pp. 373-400). Oxford University Press, Oxford. #15675

54. Tommasi,R.A., Whaley,L.W., & Marepalli,H.R. (2000) AutoChem: Automated solution-phase parallel synthesis and purification via HPLC. Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry, 2, 447-449. #15595

55. Udaka,K., Wiesmuller,K.H., Kienle,S., Jung,G., Tamamura,H., Yamagishi,H., Okumura,K., Walden,P., Suto,T., & Kawasaki,T. (2000) An automated prediction of MHC class I-binding peptides based on positional scanning with peptide libraries. Immunogenetics, 51, 816-828. #15784

56. van Well,R.M., Overkleeft,H.S., Overhand,M., Carstenen,E.V., van der Marel,G.A., & van Boom,J.H. (2000) Parallel synthesis of cyclic sugar amino acid/amino acid hybrid molecules. Tetrahedron Lett., 41, 9331-9335. #16104

57. Verheijen,J.C., van der Marel,G.A., van Boom,J.H., & Metzler-Nolte,N. (2000) Transition metal derivatives of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers-synthesis, characterization, and DNA finding. Bioconjug. Chem., 11, 741-743. #16403

58. Verheijen,J.C., Chen,L., Bayly,S.F., Torrence,P.F., van der Marel,G.A., & van Boom,J.H. (2000) Synthesis and RNase L binding and activation of a 2-5A-(5')-DNA-(3')-PNA chimera, a novel potential antisense molecule. Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 19, 1821-1830. #16402

59. Whalen,K.M., Rogers,K.J., Cole,M.J., & Janiszewski,J.S. (2000) AutoScan: An automated workstation for rapid determination of mass and tandem mass spectrometry conditions for quantitative bioanalytical mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14, 2074-2079. #16115

60. Zechel,C. (2000) Automation and devices for combinatorial chemistry and parallel organic synthesis. In R.Mannhold, H.Kubinyi & H.Timmerman (Eds.), Combinatorial Chemistry: A Practical Approach. (pp. 243-276). Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. #16218

61. Ahn,I.A., Kim,S.W., & Ro,S. (1999) Solid phase synthesis of azapeptides using an automatic synthesizer. Mol. Diversity, 4, 23-24. #12922

62. Albericio,F., & Kates,S.A. (1999) I.F.M.U.PerSeptive Biosystems. Automated allyl deprotection in solid-phase synthesis. US Patent. 5,861,351. 717,208, #13170

63. Altreuter,D.H., & Clark,D.S. (1999) Combinatorial biocatalysis: Taking the lead from Nature. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 10, 130-136. #12706

64. Andrus,A., Cox,S., Beavers,S., Parker,A., Anuskiewicz,J. & Mullah,B. (1999) High-throughput synthesis of functionalized oligonucleotides. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 67-70). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13462

65. Andrus,W.A., McCollum,C.D., & Zon,G. (1999) F.C.C.U.The Perkin-Elmer Corporation. Automated system for polynucleotide synthesis and purification. US Patent. 5,935,527. 055,464, #14518

66. Angell,Y.M., Jensen,K.J., Gross,C.M. & Barany,G. (1999) Solid-phase synthesis of peptide nucleic analogue (PNA) sequences taken to new lengths. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 59-62). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13460

67. Antonenko,V.V. (1999) Automation in combinatorial chemistry. In Anonymous, Combinatorial Chemistry and Technology: Principles, Methods, and Applications. (pp. 205-232). #13471

68. Archer,R. (1999) Industrializing drug discovery. Amer. Lab., 31, 17-23. #13756

69. Bagno,A., Bicciato,S., Di Bello,C. & Bonora,G.M. (1999) Automated liquid-phase biopolymer synthesis. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 51-54). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13458

70. Boguslavsky,J. (1999) Need protein? Organic chemistry holds the key. Drug. Dis. Develop., 30-33. #12914

71. Brenner,S. (1999) I.H.C.U.Lynx Therapeutics. Method of sorting polynucleotides. US Patent. 5,863,722. 485,105, #13255

72. Brooking,P., Doran,A., Grimsey,P., Hird,N.W., MacLachlan,W.S., & Vimal,M. (1999) Split-split. A multiple synthesiser approach to efficient automated parallel synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 1405-1408. #12319

73. Brown,A., Akinsanya,A.A., Barker,S.J., Brophy,M., Dobb,A.K., Doyle,S.M., Hudson,I.R., Minter,S.J., Wraith,M.J., & Oultram,J.D. (1999) Automated system for capture and detection of nucleic acids. BioTechniques, 27, 176-180. #13105

74. Caciagli,V., Cardinali,F., Sisto,A. & Lombardi,P. (1999) Scaling-up procedure for continuous flow SPPS. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 63-66). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13461

75. Calvert,S., Stewart,F.P., Swarna,K., & Wiseman,J.S. (1999) The use of informatics and automation to remove bottlenecks in drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Drug. Disc. Develop., 2, 234-238. #13397

76. Casale,R.A., Paul,C.H., Jensen,I.S., Moyer,M.L., Kates,S.A. & Egholm,M. (1999) A comparison of solid supports for PNA synthesis. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 139-142). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13665

77. Doi,T., Hijikuro,I., & Takahashi,T. (1999) A novel strategy for the automated synthesis of bis-amides of 1,2-diamines. Synlett, 1751-1753. #15012

78. Drolet,D.W., Jenison,R.D., Smith,D.E., Pratt,D., & Hicke,B.J. (1999) A high throughput platform for systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX (TM)). Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screening, 2, 271-278. #13954

79. Du,H., Jindal,S., & Lindsey,J.S. (1999) Implementation of the multidirectional search algorithm on an automated chemistry workstation. A parallel yet adaptive approach for reaction optimization. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 48, 235-256. #13375

80. Du,H., Shen,W., Kuo,P.Y., & Lindsey,J.S. (1999) Decision-tree programs for an adaptive automated chemistry workstation. Application to catalyst screening experiments. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 48, 205-217. #13374

81. Du,H., Corkan,A., Yang,K., Kuo,P.Y., & Lindsey,J.S. (1999) An automated microscale chemistry workstation capable of parallel, adaptive experimentation. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 48, 181-203. #13373

82. Ecker,D.J., Acevedo,O., Hebert,N., Davis,P.W., Wyatt,J.R., & Kiely,J.S. (1999) C.C.U.ISIS Pharmaceuticals Inc. Chemical reaction apparatus for performing multiple reaction on a surface and collecting the product. US Patent. 5,925,732. 778,876, #13136

83. Epton,R. (1999) Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. ISBN 0952701138 #13448

84. Felder,R. (1999) A new automation tool for medicinal and combinatorial chemists. JALA, 4, 46-47. #14352

85. Freemantle,M. (1999) Downsizing chemistry. Chemical analysis and synthesis on microchips promise a variety of potential benefits. C&EN, 77, 27-36. #12619

86. Ganguly,D., & Rodriguez,M.J. (1999) Cyclopeptamine lipopeptide antifungal agents. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 9, 67-71. #12358

87. Gast,R., Glokler,J., Hoxter,M., Kiess,M., Frank,R., & Tegge,W. (1999) Method for determining protein kinase substrate specificities by the phosphorylation of peptide libraries on beads, phosphate-specific staining, automated sorting, and sequencing. Anal. Biochem., 276, 227-241. #13976

88. Goodman,B.A. (1999) Managing the workflow of a high-throughput organic synthesis laboratory: A marriage of automation and information management technologies. JALA, 4, 48-52. #14353

89. Gorlach,E., & Richmond,R. (1999) Discovery of quasi-molecular ions in electrospray spectra by automated searching for simultaneous adduct mass differences. Anal. Chem., 71, 5557-5562. #13989

90. Greig,M. (1999) Use of automated HPLC-MS analysis for monitoring and improving the purity of combinatorial libraries. Amer. Lab., 31, 28. #15062

91. Harness,J.R. (1999) Automated sample preparation to support high throughput new compound discovery. Chim. Oggi, 17, 22-24. #12910

92. Henke,L., & Krull,U.J. (1999) Immobilization technologies used for nucleic acid biosensors: A review. Canadian Journal of Analytical Sciences and Spectroscopy, 44, 61-70. #15081

93. Hird,N.W. (1999) Automated synthesis: New tools for the organic chemist. Drug Disc. Today, 4, 265-274. #14014

94. Karet,G. (1999) Bead-picking made simple. Drug. Dis. Develop., 55. #12918

95. Karet,G. (1999) Microplate readers kleep pace with miniaturization. Drug. Dis. Develop., 44-48. #12917

96. Khan,S.I., & Grinstaff,M.W. (1999) Palladium(0)-catalyzed modification of oligonucleotides during automated solid-phase synthesis. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 121, 4704-4705. #12875

97. Khan,S.I., Beilstein,A.E., & Grinstaff,M.W. (1999) Automated solid-phase synthesis of site-specifically labeled ruthenium-oligonucleotides. Inorg. Chem., 38, 418. #12763

98. Kiselyov,A.S., & Dominguez,C. (1999) A novel synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted cinnolines from o-trifluorophenyl hydrazones. Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 5111-5114. #13116

99. Krchnak,V. (1999) Semi-automated high throughput combinatorial solid-phase organic synthesis. Biotech. Bioeng. (Comb. Chem. ), 61, 135-141. #13368

100. Kuisle,O., Quinoa,E., & Riguera,R. (1999) A general methodology for automated solid-phase synthesis of depsides and depsipeptides. Preparation of a valinomycin analogue. J. Org. Chem., 64, 8063-8075. #14045

101. Kuo,P.Y., Du,H., Corkan,A., Yang,K., & Lindsey,J.S. (1999) A planning module for performing grid search, factorial design, and related combinatorial studies on an automated chemistry workstation. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 48, 219-234. #13376

102. Kusumoto,S., & Fukase,K. (1999) L.O.J.Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Azidohalogenobenzyl derivatives, sugar compounds and protection of hydroxy groups. US Patent. 5,998,595. 961,174, #14502

103. Lebl,M. & Krchnak,V. (1999) Techniques for massively parallel synthesis of small organic molecules. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 43-46). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #10056

104. Maiefski,R.R., & Wendell,D. (1999) C.C.U.Ontogen Corporation. Sample wash station assembly. US Patent. 5,976,470. 087,376, #14859

105. Marziali,A., Willis,T.D., & Davis,R.W. (1999) An arrayable flow-through microcentrifuge for high-throughput instrumentation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96, 61-66. #13741

106. Mayfield,L.D., & Corey,D.R. (1999) Automated synthesis of peptide nucleic acids and peptide nucleic acid peptide conjugates. Anal. Biochem., 268, 401-404. #12652

107. Meldal,M., Tornoe,C., Tedebark,U., Jansson,A.M., Juliano,M.A., Panza,L. & Lay,L. (1999) Azido acids in a novel method of solid phase synthesis. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 19-22). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13453

108. Melnyk,O., Rommens,C., & Gras-Masse,H. (1999) Chemistry of hydrazinopeptides: A new hydroperoxydeamination process. Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 1491-1494. #12601

109. Micura,R. (1999) Cyclic oligoribonucleotides (RNA) by solid-phase synthesis. Chem. Eur. J., 5, 2077-2082. #13564

110. Mullah,B., & Livak,K. (1999) Efficient automated synthesis of molecular beacons. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 18, 1311-1312. #13814

111. Okun,I., & Okun,A. (1999) I.S.D.C.U.Axiom Biotechnologies. Apparatus and method for real-time measurement of cellular response. US Patent. 5,919,646. 904,904, #13269

112. Owen,M.R., & DeWitt,S.H. (1999) Laboratory automation in chemical development. Process Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 429-455. #13024

113. Papen,R.F., Pelc,R.E., Chibucos,N.S., & Meyer,W. (1999) D.G.I.U.Packard Instruments Company. System for dispensing microvolume quantities of liquids. US Patent. 5,927,547. 097,211, #14803

114. Paul,C., Rastogi,H., Dooley,B., Wolter,A., Purkayastha,S., Xu,Q., Chen,L., Musier-Forsyth,K., Hammer,R.P. & Barany,G. (1999) Synthesis of phosphorothioated oligonucleotides using 3-ethoxy-1,2,4-dithiazolin-5-one (EDITH). In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 361-364). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13713

115. Pitsch,S., Weiss,P.A., Xu,X.L., Ackermann,D., & Honegger,T. (1999) Fast and reliable automated synthesis of RNA and partially 2'-O-protected precursors ('caged RNA') based on two novel, orthogonal 2'-O-protecting groups. Helv. Chim. Acta, 82, 1753-1761. #14246

116. Powers,D.G., & Coffen,D.L. (1999) Convergent automated parallel synthesis. Drug Disc. Today, 4, 377-383. #13585

117. Rapp,W. & Karnbrock,W. (1999) A novel modular synthesis strategy for automated parallel synthesis of small organic molecules. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 47-50). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13457

118. Richmond,R., Gorlach,E., & Seifert,J.M. (1999) High-throughput flow injection analysis mass spectrometry with networked delivery of colour rendered results: The characterisation of liquid chromatography fractions. J. Chromatogr., 835, 29-39. #12804

119. Rose,D. (1999) Microdispensing technologies in drug discovery. Drug Disc. Today, 4, 411-419. #15492

120. Schmid,I., Sattler,I., Grabley,S., & Thiericke,R. (1999) Natural products in high throughput screening: Automated high-quality sample preparation. J. Biomol. Screen., 4, 15-25. #12807

121. Schreuer,O., Matysiak,S., Panke,G., Frank,R., Taudien,S., Rosenthal,A. & Gausepohl,H. (1999) Development of an automated system for the multiple parallel production of synthetic oligonucleotides. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 387-390). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #13720

122. Seeberger,P.H., Caruthers,M.H., Bankaitis-Davis,D., & Beaton,G. (1999) Synthesis of phosphorodithioate DNA by the H-phosphonothioate method. Tetrahedron, 55, 5759-5772. #13048

123. Shortle,D.R., & Sondek,J. (1999) B.M.U.The Johns Hopkins University. Synthesis of diverse and useful collections of oligonucleotides. US Patent. 5,869,644. 689,346, #13163

124. Simpson,J., Rathbone,D.L., & Billington,D.C. (1999) New solid phase Knoevenagel catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 7031-7033. #13762

125. Spikmans,V., Lane,S.J., Tjaden,U.R., & van der Greef,J. (1999) Automated capillary electrochromatography tandem mass spectrometry using mixed mode reversed-phase ion-exchange chromatography columns. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 13, 141-149. #12815

126. Tong,H., Bell,D., Tabei,K., & Siegel,M.M. (1999) Automated data massaging, interpretation, and E-mailing modules for high throughput open access mass spectrometry. J. Amer. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 10, 1174-1187. #15340

127. Van Hijfte,L., Marciniak,G., & Froloff,N. (1999) Combinatorial chemistry, automation and molecular diversity: New trends in the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Chromatography B, 725, 3-15. #12669

128. Vendeville,S., Bourel,L., Davioud-Charvet,E., Grellier,P., Deprez,B., & Sergheraert,C. (1999) Automated parallel synthesis of a tetrahydroisoquinolin-based library: Potential prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 9, 437-442. #12671

129. Verheijen,J.C., Bayly,S.F., Player,M.R., Torrence,P.F., van der Marel,G.A., & van Boom,J.H. (1999) 2-5A-PNA complexes: A novel class of antisense compounds. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 18, 1485-1486. #13617

130. Wagner,R.W., Li,F., Du,H., & Lindsey,J.S. (1999) Investigation of cocatalysis conditions using an automated microscale multireactor workstation: Synthesis of meso-tetramesitylporphyrin. Organic Process Research and Development, 3, 28-37. #13372

131. Winter,M., Wiesmuller,K.H. & Jung,G. (1999) Automated combinatorial chemistry. In G.Jung (Ed.), Combinatorial Chemistry: Synthesis, Analysis, Screening. (pp. 543-560). Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. #16210

132. Yoshida,J.I., Itami,K., Mitsudo,K., & Suga,S. (1999) 2-Pyridylsilyl group as a multifunctional "phase tag" for solution phase synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 40, 3403-3406. #12683

133. Zhang,Z., & Tang,J.Y. (1999) The commercial-scale production of oligonucleotides. Curr. Opin. Drug. Disc. Develop., 2, 578-589. #14215

134. Zuckermann,R.N., Goff,D.A., Ng,S., Spear,K., Scott,B.O., Sigmund,A.C., Goldsmith,R.A., Marlowe,C.K., Pei,Y., Richter,L., & Simon,R. (1999) E.C.U.Chiron Corporation. Synthesis of N-substituted oligomers. US Patent. 5,877,278. 487,282, #13158

135. Akporiaye,D.E., Dahl,I.M., Karlsson,A., & Wendelbo,R. (1998) Combinatorial approach to the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 37, 609-611. #11044

136. Albericio,F., & Kates,S.A. (1998) I.F.M.U.PerSeptive Biosystems. Automated allyl deprotection in solid-phase synthesis. US Patent. 5,777,077. 803,557, #11294

137. Alvarez,K., Tworkowski,I., Vasseur,J.J., Imbach,J.L., & Rayner,B. (1998) A reinvestigation of sulfenyl groups as amino protecting groups for the synthesis of oligonucleotides on solid support by phosphoramidite chemistry. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 17, 365-378. #12201

138. Bagno,A., Bicciato,S., Di Bello,C., & Bonora,G.M. (1998) Automation of the liquid-phase synthesis of biopolymers. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol., 71, 77-83. #10797

139. Bauser,M., Winter,M., Valenti,C.A., Wiesmuller,K.H., & Jung,G. (1998) Synthesis of hydantoins via N,N'-ureas derived from polymer-bound amino acids. Mol. Diversity, 3, 257-260. #12101

140. Bender,D., & Gee,A.D. (1998) Solid phase-supported reaction of N.C.A.H11CN with arabinose: A simplified automated synthesis of D-[1-11C]glucose. J. Label. Compound. Radiopharm., 41, 287-300. #10757

141. Berlin,K., Jain,R.K., Simon,M.D., & Richert,C. (1998) A porphyrin embedded in DNA. J. Org. Chem., 63, 1527-1535. #10780

142. Bhat,L., Liu,Y.B., Victory,S.F., Himes,R.H., & Georg,G.I. (1998) Synthesis and evaluation of paclitaxel C7 derivatives: Solution phase synthesis of combinatorial libraries. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 3181-3186. #12312

143. Bondy,S.S. (1998) The role of automation in drug discovery. Curr. Opin. Drug. Disc. Develop., 1, 116-119. #11395

144. Brennan,T., Biddison,G., Frauendorf,A., Schwarcz,L., Keen,B., Ecker,D.J., Davis,P.W., Tinder,R., & Swayze,E.E. (1998) Two-dimensional parallel array technology as a new approach to automated combinatorial solid-phase organic synthesis. Biotech. Bioeng. (Comb. Chem. ), 61, 33-45. #10759

145. Campian,E., Peterson,M.L., Saneii,H.H. & Furka,A. (1998) Automated synthesis in a single process of nine first order sub-libraries of an amino acid occurrence library. In R.Ramage & R.Epton (Eds.), Peptides 1996: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth European Peptide Symposium. (pp. 285-286). Mayflower Scientific Ltd., Kingswinford. #11503

146. Cargill,J., & Maiefski,R.R. (1998) C.C.U.Ontogen Corporation. Methods and apparatus for the generation of chemical libraries. US Patent. 5,609,826. 422,869, #11489

147. Cargill,J., & Maiefski,R.R. (1998) C.C.U.Ontogen Corporation. Methods and apparatus for the generation of chemical libraries. US Patent. 5,770,157. 718,105, #11485

148. Cotterill,I.C., Usyatinsky,A.Y., Arnold,J.M., Clark,D.S., Dordick,J.S., Michels,P.C., & Khmelnitsky,Y.L. (1998) Microwave assisted combinatorial chemistry synthesis of substituted pyridines. Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 1117-1120. #10501

149. Daniels,S.B., Hantman,S.F., Sole,N.A., Gibney,B.R., Rabanal,F. & Kates,S.A. (1998) Pioneer(TM): A continuous-flow peptide synthesis system. In R.Ramage & R.Epton (Eds.), Peptides 1996: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth European Peptide Symposium. (pp. 323-324). Mayflower Scientific Ltd., Kingswinford. #11506

150. Dendrinos,K.G., & Kalivretenos,A.G. (1998) Synthesis of N-hydroxysuccinimide esters using polymer bound HOBT. Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 1321-1324. #10512

151. DeWitt,S.H., Kiely,J.S., Pavia,M.R., Schroeder,M.C., & Stankovic,C.J. (1998) M.P.N.U.Warner-Lambert Company. Apparatus and method for multiple simultaneous synthesis. US Patent. 5,766,556. 777,270, #11458

152. Di Fenza,A., Tancredi,M., Galoppini,C., & Rovero,P. (1998) Racemization studies of Fmoc-Ser(tBu)-OH during stepwise continuous-flow solid-phase peptide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 8529-8532. #11945

153. Eadie,J.S. (1998) I.S.D.C.U.Chugai Pharmaceuticals. Solid phase synthesizer. US Patent. 5,744,102. 593,631, #13350

154. Englebretsen,D.R., Choma,C.T., & Robillard,G.T. (1998) Synthesis of a designed transmembrane protein by thioether ligation of solubilised segments: N-alpha-haloacetylated peptides survived resin cleavage using TFA with EDT as scavenger. Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 4929-4932. #10936

155. Feiertag,S., Wiesmuller,K.H. & Jung,G. (1998) Combinatorial head-to-tail cyclized peptide libraries: Evolution of synthestic and analytical methods based on 517 cyclohexapeptides. In R.Ramage & R.Epton (Eds.), Peptides 1996: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth European Peptide Symposium. (pp. 157-160). Mayflower Scientific Ltd., Kingswinford. #11497

156. Frank,R., Matysiak,S., Schreuer,O., Gausepohl,H., & Rosenthal,A. (1998) B.-S.G.Gesellschaft fur Biotechnologische Forschung mbH (GBF), G.Abimed Analysen-Technik GmbH, & G.IMB Institut fur Moleculare Biotechnologie EV. Automated laboratory reaction apparatus for solid phase chemical synthesis. WO PCT. 98/35753. EP901, #11461

157. Garzotti,M., & Hamdan,M. (1998) Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of synthesis products associated with the viral protein US11. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 12, 843-848. #11009

158. Gayo,L.M. (1998) Solution-phase library generation: Methods and applications in drug discovery. Biotech. Bioeng. (Comb. Chem. ), 61, 95-106. #11286

159. Gaytan,P., Yan±ez,J., Sanchez,F., Mackie,H., & Soberon,X. (1998) Combination of DMT-mononucleotide and Fmoc-trinucleotide phosphoramidites in oligonucleotide synthesis affords an automatable codon-level mutagenesis method. Chem. Biol., 5, 519-527. #11847

160. Gerhardt,J. & Rapp,W. (1998) A new automatic system for synthesis in combinatorial chemistry. In R.Ramage & R.Epton (Eds.), Peptides 1996: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth European Peptide Symposium. (pp. 417-418). Mayflower Scientific Ltd., Kingswinford. #11512

161. Godolphin,W., Estey,C., Hoffmann,G., & Felder,R. (1998) Review of the LabAutomation'98 Conference and Exhibition. J. Assoc. Lab. Autom., 3, 18-34. #11028

162. Grotli,M., Douglas,M., Eritja,R., & Sproat,B.S. (1998) 2'-O-Propargyl oligoribonucleotides: Synthesis and hybridisation. Tetrahedron, 54, 5899-5914. #10973

163. Haff,L.A., Picozza,E., Bloch,W., & Woudenberg,T.M. (1998) N.C.U.The Perkin-Elmer Corporation. Nucleic acid amplification reaction apparatus and method. US Patent. 5,779,977. 827,353, #11741

164. Harrison,W. (1998) Changes in scale in automated pharmaceutical research. Drug Disc. Today, 3, 343-349. #11293

165. Jones,D.S., Hachmann,J.P., Conrad,M.J., Coutts,S., & Livingston,D.A. (1998) S.D.C.U.La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company. Modified phosphorous intermediates for providing functional groups on the 5' and of oligonucleotides. US Patent. 5,786,512. 335,687, #11984

166. Jones,D.S., Hachmann,J.P., Conrad,M.J., Coutts,S., & Livingston,D.A. (1998) S.D.C.U.La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company. Modified phosphorous intermediates for providing functional groups on the 5' and of oligonucleotides. US Patent. 5,726,329. 436,112, #11983

167. Kaplan,B.E., & Swiderski,P.M. (1998) D.C.U.City of Hope. Disposable reagent storage and delivery cartridge. US Patent. 5,766,550. 616,052, 1 p. #11010

168. Karet,G. (1998) Increasing throughput analysis. R&D Mag., 40, 69-70. #12065

169. Karpeisky,A., Gonzales,C., Burgin,A.B., & Beigelman,L. (1998) Highly efficient synthesis of 2'-O-amino nucleosides and their incorporation in hammerhead ribozymes. Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 1131-1134. #10503

170. Kniss,R. (1998) Revolution of the drug discovery process using laboratory-on-a-chip technology. Amer. Lab., 30, 40-42. #12276

171. Kondo,Y., Shinkai,H., & Tanji,K. (1998) Solid phase synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn., 56, 2-10. #10566

172. Kondo,Y., Shinkai,H., & Tanji,K. (1998) Solid phase synthesis of heterocyclic compounds [japanese]. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn., 56, 18-26. #10688

173. Kuroki,G. (1998) Automating organic synthesis. R&D Mag., 40, 61-63. #12064

174. Lebl,M. (1998) A new approach to automated solid phase synthesis based on centrifugation of tilted plates. J. Assoc. Lab. Autom., 3, 59-61. #11029

175. Lebl,M., Pokorny,V., & Krchnak,V. (1998) I.S.D.C.U.Trega Biosciences. Apparatus and method for combinatorial chemistry synthesis. WO PCT. 98/40159. US98/04630, #10545

176. Lin,P., & Ganesan,A. (1998) Solid-phase synthesis of peptidomimetic oligomers with a phosphodiester backbone. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 511-514. #10693

177. Luke,R.W.A., & Cotton,R. (1998) L.G.B.Zeneca Limited, R.W.A.Luke, & R.Cotton. Preparation of peptide analogs containing a 7-membered lactam ring. WO PCT. 98/17680. GB2837, 1 p. #10837

178. Magerlein,M., Hock,D., Adermann,K., Neidlein,R., Forssmann,W.G., & Strein,K. (1998) Production of sequence specific polyclonal antibodies to human parathyroid hormone 1-37 by immunization with multiple antigenic peptides. Arzneim. -Forsch., 48, 783-787. #11007

179. Marshall,S. (1998) Lab-on-a-chip: Biotech's next California gold rush. R&D Mag., 40, 38-43. #12062

180. Mayer,J.P., Lewis,G.S., McGee,C., & Bankaitis-Davis,D. (1998) Solid-phase synthesis of benzimidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 6655-6658. #11229

181. Moser,R., & Birrer,L. (1998) I.B.N.U.Roche Diagnostic Systems. Thermal cycler. US Patent. 5,795,547. 735,943, #11744

182. Moukheiber,S. (1998) A hail of silver bullets. Forbes, 76-81. #9984

183. Mullah,B., Livak,K., Andrus,A., & Kenney,P. (1998) Efficient synthesis of double dye-labeled oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes and their application in a real time PCR assay. Nucl. Acid. Res., 26, 1026-1031. #10585

184. Needels,M. & Sugarman,J. (1998) Automation of combinatorial chemistry for large libraries. In E.M.Gordon & J.F.J.Kerwin (Eds.), Combinatorial Chemistry and Molecular Diversity in Drug Discovery. (pp. 339-348). John Wiley & Sons, New York. #11723

185. Norrington,I. (1998) The role of automation in speeding up the drug discovery process. Innovations in Pharmaceutical Technology, 1, 74-78. #12091

186. Okun,I., & Okun,A. (1998) I.S.D.C.U.Axiom Biotechnologies. Apparatus and method for real-time measurement of cellular response. US Patent. 5,804,436. 691,356, #11549

187. Parlow,J.J., Vazquez,M.L., & Flynn,D.L. (1998) A mixed resin bed for the quenching and purification of tetrabutylammonium fluoride mediated desilylating reactions. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 2391-2394. #11213

188. Porco,J.A.Jr., Deegan,T.L., Devonport,W., Gooding,O.W., Labadie,J.W., MacDonald,A.A., Newcomb,W.S., & van Eikeren,P. (1998) Automated chemical synthesis: Chemistry development on the Nautilus 2400. Drugs Future, 23, 71-78. #14384

189. Radl,S. (1998) Use of combinatorial chemistry to speed drug discovery. Drug News Perspect., 11, 507-511. #12271

190. Reddy,M.P., Farooqui,F., & Michael,M.A. (1998) I.F.C.U.Beckman Instruments. Oxidizing reagent for use in oligonucleotide synthesis. US Patent. 5,783,684. 526,184, #11985

191. Reddy,M.P., Farooqui,F., & Hanna,N.B. (1998) I.F.C.U.Beckman Instruments. Cac-methylphosphonamidites and methods for preparing methylphosphonates. US Patent. 5,731,429. 544,683, 1 p. #10777

192. Richter,L.S., Goff,D.A., Spear,K.L., Martin,E.J. & Zuckermann,R.N. (1998) Submonomer approaches for the generation of molecular diversity: Nonnatural oligomer and organic template libraries. In E.M.Gordon & J.F.J.Kerwin (Eds.), Combinatorial Chemistry and Molecular Diversity in Drug Discovery. (pp. 151-163). John Wiley & Sons, New York. #11712

193. Sabesan,S. (1998) W.D.U.E.I.du Pont de Nemours and Company. Peptidodisaccharides as oligosaccharide mimetics. US Patent. 5,756,712. 787,838, #11259

194. Tarbit,M.H., & Bermann,J. (1998) High-throughput approaches for evaluating absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties of lead compounds. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 2, 411-416. #12081

195. Uhlmann,E., Hornung,L., Will,D.W., & Grafe,U. (1998) Synthesis of novel oligodeoxynucleotide conjugates containing the anionophoric moiety of pamamycin. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 17, 309-316. #10776

196. Urbina,G.A., Grubler,G., Weiler,A., Echner,H., Stoeva,S., Schernthaner,J., Gross,W., & Voelter,W. (1998) Optimized automated solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides and derivatives. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung Section B-A Journal of Chemical Sciences, 53, 1051-1068. #11924

197. Vargeese,C., Carter,J., Yegge,J., Krivjansky,S., Settle,A., Kropp,E., Peterson,K., & Pieken,W. (1998) Efficient activation of nucleoside phosphoramidites with 4,5-dicyanoimidazole during oligonucleotide synthesis. Nucl. Acid. Res., 26, 1046-1050. #10584

198. Wang,X., Liang,S., & Luo,Z. (1998) Chemical synthesis and physiological activity analysis of K3A-HWTX-I: A mutant of huwentoxin-I. Shengming Kexue Yanjiu, 2, 87-92. #11467

199. Warmus,J.S., Ryder,T.R., Hodges,J.C., Kennedy,R.M., & Brady,K.D. (1998) Rapid optimization of an ICE inhibitor synthesis using multiple reaction conditions in a parallel array. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 2309-2314. #11199

200. Watson,B.T., & Christiansen,G.E. (1998) Solid phase synthesis of substituted coumarin-3-carboxylic acids via the Knoevenagel condensation. Tetrahedron Lett., 39, 6087-6090. #10995

201. Winkler,D., Stigler,R.D., Hoffmann,B., Zahn,G., Hohne,W., Rappsilber,J., Schmieder,P., Oschkinat,H. & Schneider-Mergener,J. (1998) Elucidation of the interaction of an anti-TGFalpha antibody with its peptide epitope using combinatorial cyclic peptide libraries, binding studies, NMR, computer modelling and flexible docking techniques. In R.Ramage & R.Epton (Eds.), Peptides 1996: Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth European Peptide Symposium. (pp. 913-914). Mayflower Scientific Ltd., Kingswinford. #11528

202. Zeng,L., & Kassel,D.B. (1998) Developments of a fully automated parallel HPLC mass spectrometry system for the analytical characterization and preparative purification of combinatorial libraries. Anal. Chem., 70, 4380-4388. #11938

203. Zeng,L., Wang,X., Wang,I., & Kassel,D.B. (1998) New developments in automated PrepLCMS extends the robustness and utility of the method for compound library analysis and purification. Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screening, 1, 101-111. #11748

204. Zeng,L., Burton,L., Yung,K., Shushan,B., & Kassel,D.B. (1998) Automated analytical/preparative high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system for the rapid characterization and purification of compound libraries. J. Chromatogr. A, 794, 3-13. #10673

205. Zuckermann,R.N., Kerr,J.M., Kent,S.B.H., Moos,W.H., Simon,R.J., & Goff,D.A. (1998) E.C.U.Chiron Corporation. Synthesis of N-substituted oligomers. US Patent. 5,831,005. 441,826, #13185

206. Agrafiotis,D.K., Bone,R.F., Salemme,F.R., & Soll,R.M. (1997) I.P.P.U.3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals. System, method, and computer program product for at least partially automatically generating chemical compounds having desired properties. US Patent. 5,684,711. 698,246, #9611

207. Aimi, J. and Kozlowski, M. R. High-throughput screening by remote control. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.309 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8314

208. Akiyama,Y., Yoshioka,N., Mitsuhashi,T., Takeda,N., & Tsuji,M. (1997) Multi-pesticide screening method for agricultural products with an automated sample preparation instrument. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 38, 363-371. #9617

209. Assal, A., Capolino, A., Gustafson, S., Kline, J., Locke, K. T., Ruggeri, P., and Harrison, R. K. Transferring and validating a biochemical assay into a high throughput screening assay. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.191 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8303

210. Babiak, J. Transforming your robotics into an infrastructure for the future. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.35 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8282

211. Baker,W.R., Towell,J.A., & Harness,J.R. (1997) S.W.U.Pathogenesis Corporation. A device for the synthesis of compounds in an array. WO PCT. 97/09353. US96/14325, #11809

212. Baldino,C.M., Casebier,D.S., Caserta,J., Slobodkin,G., Tu,C., & Coffen,D.L. (1997) Convergent parallel synthesis. Synlett, 488-490. #9077

213. Ball,R.W., & et al. (1997) Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry as a rapid quality control method in oligonucleotide synthesis. Anal. Biochem., 246, 185-194. #9332

214. Banks, M., Fogarty, S., Valler, M., Mills, K., O'Brien, S., Binnie, A., and Houston, J. Automated high throughput screening to aid the drug hunter at Glaxo Wellcome. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.220 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8306

215. Banville, S. C. and Zuckermann, R. N. Accelerating drug discovery by high-throughput combinatorial synthesis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.77 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8285

216. Barcelo,D., & Alpendurada,M.F. (1997) Automated online solid-phase extraction methods in interlaboratory studies of polar pesticides in water samples. Lab. Robotics Automation, 9, 165-174. #9327

217. Beggs,M. (1997) Use of a two-armed Zymark robot for high throughput screening. J. Biomol. Screen., 2, 71-78. #9841

218. Beggs, M. Use of a two armed Zymark robot for high throughput screening. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.206 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8305

219. Beggs,M. & Major,J.S. (1997) Flexible use of people and machines. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 471-482). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9015

220. Beresini,M.H., Sadick,M.D., Galloway,A.L., Yen,R., Yeh,S.H., Chang,A.C., Shelton,D.L. & Wong,W.L.T. (1997) Assays for small molecule agonists and antagonists of the neurotrophin receptors. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 329-344). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9004

221. Biddlecombe, R. A. and Pleasance, S. Microlute(TM) a semi-automated solid phase extraction system in the 96 well format. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.445 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8334

222. Blanchard, S. G., Harris, C. O., Nichols, J. S., and Parks, D. J. Automation of assays for nuclear receptors. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.269 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8310

223. Bojanic,D., Keighley,W.W., Russell,M.J. & Wood,T.P. (1997) Factors for the successful integration of assays, equipment, robotics, and software. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 493-508). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9017

224. Boymel, J. L., Goodman, B., Johnson, C., Governski, B., Ross-Kramer, J., Van Ausdall, D. A., Jones, T., and Marshall, W. S. Data management in the oligonucleotide synthesis laboratory. A case study in evolution. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.177 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8302

225. Brown,A.R., Rees,D.C., Rankovic,Z., & Morphy,J.R. (1997) Synthesis of tertiary amines using a polystyrene (REM) resin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 119, 3288-3295. #9152

226. Brown,R.K. & Proulx,A. (1997) Accelerating the discovery process with automation and robotics: A sure bet or a risky venture? In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 509-524). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9018

227. Burbaum,J.J., & Sigal,N.H. (1997) New technologies for high-throughput screening. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1, 72-78. #8738

228. Burckhard,S., & Andres,J. (1997) Site-specific modification of enzymatically synthesized RNA: Transcription initiation and Diels-Alder reaction. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 7729-7732. #9646

229. Butler, B. T., Davis, J. R., Busch, S., and Singleton, R. Design, development and implementation of automated screening methods at Hoechst Marion Roussel Research Institute Cincinnati,OH. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.313 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8318

230. Cadavid, J. C. and Sabo, M. Visual basic applications in a laboratory enviroment. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.781 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8347

231. Campbell, J. B. and Wildonger, R. A. Managing compound library production by parallel synthesis on automated workstation-based systems. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.127 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8294

232. Cargill, J. The use of reactive fragment structure transformations for automated structure generation in automated combinatorial chemistry with applications to diversity analysis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.399 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8327

233. Cargill,J.F., & Lebl,M. (1997) New methods in combinatorial chemistry: Robotics and parallel synthesis. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 1, 67-71. #8737

234. Chan,T.Y., Chen,R., Sofia,M.J., Smith,B.C., & Glennon,D. (1997) High throughput on-bead monitoring of solid phase reactions by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 2821-2824. #8786

235. Charbonneau, R., Long, W., Hennessey, J., and Rubinstein, L. Using the Biomek 2000 to automate an EIA for the quantitation of polysaccharides. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.578 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8338

236. Chersi,A., & et al. (1997) Selective 'in synthesis' labelling of peptides by fluorochromes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1336, 83-88. #9331

237. Ciaramella, B. M. Reaction screening and optimization in chemical process research and development. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.314 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8319

238. Clay, V. E., Yen, P. Y., and Widmer, S. L. Win-win or no deal. Management's view of the design, construction and installation of a custom robotic system. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.621 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8341

239. Cook, J. S., Hynd, B., Kozikowski, B., McOsker, C. C., Paugh, D., Rasmusen, K., Sway, J., and Whitten, J. Establishing a high throughput screening facility. At Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.197 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8304

240. Crawshaw,M., Hird,N.W., Irie,K., & Nagai,K. (1997) Synthesis of 3,4,5-trisubstituted cyclohexanones by cycloaddition to solid phase 2-aminobutadienes. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 7115-7118. #9578

241. Cunningham, J. D. and Kelly, D. A. Coping with company rightsizing using the 4 R's. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.680 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8345

242. Dahiyat,B.I., & Mayo,S.L. (1997) De novo protein design: Fully automated sequence selection. Science, 278, 82-87. #9956

243. Dell'Aquila,C., Imbach,J.L., & Rayner,B. (1997) Photolabile linker for the solid-phase synthesis of base-sensitive oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 5289-5292. #9052

244. DeWitt,S.H. (1997) Automated synthesis. In W.H.Moos, M.R.Pavia, B.K.Kay & A.D.Ellington (Eds.), Annual Reports in Combinatorial Chemistry and Molecular Diversity. (pp. 69-77). ESCOM, Leiden. #8618

245. DeWitt,S.H. & Czarnik,A.W. (1997) Parallel organic synthesis using Parke-Davis Diversomer method. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 191-208). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #8994

246. Dokoupil, S. Developing smart robotic stations with embedded controllers. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.750 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8346

247. Donzel,A., Carmona,J. & Corkan,L.A. (1997) Perspectives on scheduling. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 525-548). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9019

248. Eckard, P., Delzer, J., Emling, F., Guhl, S., Janocha, R., Market, C., Paul, G., Seega, J., and Wernet, W. Integrated drug discovery: Thriving on organizational and technological improvements. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.233 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8307

249. Epton,R. (1997) Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. ISBN 0952701111 #8773

250. Fauchere,J.L., Henlin,J.M., & Boutin,J.A. (1997) Peptide and nonpeptide lead discovery using robotically synthesized soluble libraries. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 75, 683-689. #9367

251. Fauchere,J.L., Henlin,J.M., & Boutin,J.A. (1997) Combinatorial chemistry: State-of -art, analytical needs and future evolutions [Review] [French]. Analusis, 25, 97-101. #9534

252. Faustino, P. J., Ellison, C. D., and Flora, K. P. Solid phase extraction of antidepressants from mouse, rat and human plasma utilizing robotic workstations. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.431 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8333

253. Feiglin, M. N. and Russell, B. J. A "component" based approach to laboratory automation. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.245 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8308

254. Felder, S. Strategies for automated microplate synthesis of combinatorial libraries. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.124 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8292

255. Floyd, C., Lewis, C., Patel, S., and Whittaker, M. The automated synthesis of organic compounds. Some newcomers have some success. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.51 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8270

256. Flynn,D.L., Crich,J.Z., Devraj,R.V., Hockerman,S.L., Parlow,J.J., South,M.S., & Woodard,S. (1997) Chemical library purification strategies based on principles of complementary molecular reactivity and molecular recognition. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 119, 4874-4881. #9091

257. Fodor,S.P.A. (1997) Massively parallel biochemical assays. Lab. Automat. New., 2, 50-51. #9965

258. Fraley, N. E. Jr. The care and feeding of the Robot Jock. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.672 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8344

259. Fukase,K. (1997) Combinatorial chemistry [japanese]. J. Syn. Org. Chem. Jpn., 55, 474-479. #9108

260. Gaytan,P., Yanez,J., Soberon,X., & Martinez,R. (1997) A new method for oligonucleotide derivatization of the 3' or 5'-termini with a CPG-support carrying the natural product isoargentatin-D. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 6123-6126. #9311

261. Getek, T., Mei, W., and Hariharan, S. Enhancing productivity for bioanalytical assays: Utilization of automated SPE isolation and LC/MS/MS for steroid analysis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.418 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8330

262. Goodman, B., Boymel, J., Johnson, C., Governski, B., Ross-Kramer, J., Van Ausdall, D., Jones, T., and Marshall, W. S. Automation in the oligonucleotide synthesis lab. The workstation approach. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.125 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8293

263. Goodman, B. A., Bjergarde, K., and Boymel, J. L. Developing a high speed synthesis paradigm the work station approach. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.142 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8296

264. Green, C. The creation of an integrated data handling system for automated organic synthesis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.164 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8298

265. Griffith,D.L., O'Donnell,M.J., Pottorf,R.S., Scott,W.L., & Porco,J.A.Jr. (1997) Tandem UPS: Sequential mono- and dialkylation of resin-bound glycine via automated synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 8821-8824. #9697

266. Han,H., & Janda,K.D. (1997) A soluble polymer-bound approach to the Sharpless catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) reaction: Preparation and application of a [(DHQD)2PHAL-PEG-OMe] ligand. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 1527-1530. #8603

267. Hardin,J.H. & Smietana,F.R. (1997) Automating combinatorial chemistry: Challenges and pitfalls. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 251-262). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #8998

268. Harding, D. Development of an automated high throughput screening system. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.296 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8313

269. Harrison,W. (1997) The importance of automated sample management systems in realizing the potential of large compound libraries in drug discovery. J. Biomol. Screen., 2, 203-206. #10562

270. Haslanger, M. F. Technology and drug discovery: Accomplishment and projections. In: W.Hori. (Eds.) 1996; International Business Communications,Inc., Southborough p.7.3.1 #8889

271. Heide, M., Madsen, J., and Jensen, N. B. A robotic system for agar diffusion testing. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.311 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8316

272. Hemmila,I. (1997) Time-resolved fluorometry: Advantages and potentials. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 361-376). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9006

273. Herman,L.W., Tarr,G., & Kates,S.A. (1997) Optimization of the synthesis of peptide combinatorial libraries using a one-pot method. Mol. Diversity, 2, 147-155. #9233

274. Hernandez,J.F., Bersch,B., Petillot,Y., Gagnon,J., & Arlaud,G.J. (1997) Chemical synthesis and characterization of the epidermal growth factor-like module of human complement protease C1r. J. Pept. Res., 49, 221-231. #9213

275. Hilberink, P., van Aelst, S., Vink, T. Q., van Gool, E., and Kaspersen, F. Automated organic chemical synthesis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.93 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8287

276. Ho,C.Y., & Kukla,M.J. (1997) Carbamate linkers as latent N-methylamines in solid phase synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 2799-2802. #8784

277. Hoeprich, P. D. Jr. New approaches to automated solid phase organic synthesis. In: W.Hori. (Eds.) 1996; International Business Communications,Inc., Southborough p.6.2.1 #8888

278. Houston,J.G., & Banks,M. (1997) The chemical-biological interface: Developments in automated and miniaturised screening technology. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 8, 734-740. #10220

279. Hsieh,Y.F., Gordon,N., Regnier,F., Afeyan,N., Martin,S.A., & Vella,G.J. (1997) Multidimensional chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for target-based screening. Mol. Diversity, 2, 189-196. #8866

280. Hutton, W. C. and Herman, B. Adding value to enterprise-wide research and development programs through automated NMR spectroscopy. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.375 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8324

281. Jakobsson,E., Hinz,M., & Seliger,H. (1997) Synthesis and evaluation of oligonucletides of high purity. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 16, 883-887. #9326

282. James,K.D., Von Kiedrowski,G., & Ellington,A.D. (1997) Incorporation of 5'-N-Boc-2',5'-dideoxynucleoside-3'-O-phosphoramidites into oligonucleotides by automated synthesis. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 16, 1821-1836. #12254

283. Kealy,M. (1997) Automation of 96-well solid phase extraction procedures with the Packard MultiPROBE. Lab. Automat. New., 2, 6-9. #9969

284. Kennedy, R. M. ACID for the Tecan(TM): An automated combinatorial interface demonstration. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.155 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8297

285. Kerns, E. H., Volk, K. J., Hail, M. E., Whitney, J. L., Rourick, R. A., Klohr, S. E., and Lee, M. S. Recent applications of accelerated structure analysis protocols. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.324 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8320

286. Kibbey,C.E. (1997) An automated system for the purification of combinatorial libraries by preparative LC/MS. Lab. Robotics Automation, 9, 309-321. #10242

287. Kibbey, C. E., Robertson, G. A., MacDonald, A., and DeWitt, S. H. An automated system for the purification of combinatorial libraries by semi-preparative HPLC. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.336 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8321

288. Koch,T., Borre,M.B., Naesby,M., Batz,H.G., & Orum,H. (1997) PNA: Synthesis and diagnostic application. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 16, 1771-1774. #9741

289. Kolb,A.J. (1997) Automation and robotics: Introduction. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 457-460). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9013

290. Kozlowski, M. R. To buy or not to buy,thats is the question. (Concerning peripherals from your robot supplier). In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.310 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8315

291. Krchnak,V., Weichsel,A.S., Lebl,M., & Felder,S. (1997) Automated solid-phase organic synthesis in micro-plate wells. Synthesis of N-(alkoxy-acyl)amino alcohols. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 1013-1016. #6948 4222

292. Krchnak,V., Lebl,M., & Seligmann,B. (1997) D.U.Selectide Corporation. Apparatus and method for multiple synthesis of organic compounds on polymer support. US Patent. 5,614,608. 375,879, #8583

293. Kris, R. Strategies for integration of combinatorial chemistry synthesis and screening. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.123 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8291

294. Kumpinsh,V.K., Litsis,N.G., Renkhof,R.F., Stankevich,E.I., Berzin,V.M., & et al. (1997) Synthetic 15 - 19-meric oligoribonucleotides as models for translation initiation of the phage fr replicase gene. Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia, 21, 920-924. #9330

295. Kunysz,E.A., Lukes,M. & Bonhaus,D.W. (1997) Bar-code technology and a centralized database: Key components in a radioligand binding program. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 483-492). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #9016

296. Lawrence,R.M., Biller,S.A., Fryszman,O.M., & Poss,M.A. (1997) Automated synthesis and purification of amides: Exploitation of automated solid phase extraction in organic synthesis. Synthesis-Stuttgart, 553-558. #9079

297. Lehotay,S.J., & Valverde-Garcia,A. (1997) Evaluation of different solid-phase traps for automated collection and clean-up in the analysis of multiple pesticides in fruits and vegetables after supercritical fluid extraction. J. Chromatogr. A, 765, 69-84. #8523

298. Lemmo,A.V., Fisher,J.T., Geysen,H.M., & Rose,D.J. (1997) Characterization of an inkjet chemical microdispenser for combinatorial library synthesis. Anal. Chem., 69, 543-551. #8268

299. Lenz, S., Marples, E., Garcia, M., and Reichman, M. High throughput robotic system for performing stablely transfected cell based screening assays. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.277 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8311

300. Lin,V.S.Y., Motesharei,K., Dancil,K.P.S., Sailor,M.J., & Ghadiri,M.R. (1997) A porous silicon-based optical interferometric biosensor. Science, 278, 840-843. #11761

301. Lindsey,J.S. (1997) Automated approaches to reaction optimization. In A.W.Czarnik & S.H.DeWitt (Eds.), A Practical Guide to Combinatorial Chemistry. (pp. 309-326). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #11703

302. Lister, M. D. and Janzen, W. Management of a centralized high throughput screening facility. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.43 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8283

303. Lommi,R., Namikata,H., & Nakajima,T. (1997) L.J.Suntory. Peptides of Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi) toxin and their synthesis. Japan. 09249696. 96-57292, #9652

304. Lommi,R., Namikata,H., & Nakajima,T. (1997) L.J.Suntory. Chinese scorpion (Buthus martensi) toxin-related peptides. Japan. 09278797. 96-118129, #9627

305. Louter,A.J.H., Bosma,E., Schipperen,J.C.A., Vreuls,J.J., & Brinkman,U.A. (1997) Automated online solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection: Determination of benzodiazepines in human plasma. Journal of Chromatography B, 689, 35-43. #8469

306. Lysakowski, R. The R&D team computing and electronic lab notebooks: The needs, the systems, and the consortium. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.793 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8348

307. Magda,D., Sessler,J.L., Iverson,B.L., Sansom,P.I., & Crofts,S.P. (1997) I.S.C.U.Pharmacyclics & A.T.U.Board of Regents of the University of Texas. Phosphoramidite derivatives of texaphyrins. US Patent. 5,633,354. 614,638, #11981

308. Maier,E., Meier-Ewert,S., Bancroft,D., & Lehrach,H. (1997) Automated array technologies for gene expression profiling. Drug Disc. Today, 2, 315-324. #9852

309. Major, J. Challenges and opportunities in high throughput screening: Implications for new technologies. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.25 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8281

310. Marples, E., Lenz, S., and Reichman, M. A fully automated stacking microplate luminometer for high throughput screening. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.291 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8312

311. Marti,R.E., Bleicher,K.H., & Bair,K.W. (1997) Solid phase synthesis of beta-peptides via Arndt-Eistert homologation of Fmoc-protected amino acid diazoketones. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 6145-6148. #9313

312. Matthews,I.T.W. (1997) The use of combinatorial and automated methods is drug discovery. Proc. West. Pharmacol. Soc., 40, 121-125. #11421

313. McClurg, J. E. Future directions of outsourced bioanalytical services: The Bioanalytical business. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.400 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8328

314. McClusky, G. A., Tobias, B., Short, R., DeJohn, D., McMacken, L., Faraianu, C., and Judge, B. Automation of structure analysis in pharmaceutical R&D. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.388 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8325

315. Meldgaard,M., Nielsen,N.K., Bremner,M., Pedersen,O.S., Olsen,C.E., & Wengel,J. (1997) Automated preparation of branched oligodeoxyribonucleotide analogs using arabino-uridine as branching nucleotide. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1951-1955. #9379

316. Merrifield,B. (1997) Concept and early development of solid-phase peptide synthesis. Methods Enzymol., 289, 3-13. #9932

317. Mjalli,A.M.M. & Toyonaga,B.E. (1997) Rapid discovery and optimization of biologically active small molecules using automated synthesis methods. In J.P.Devlin (Ed.), High Throughput Screening: The Discovery of Bioactive Substances. (pp. 209-222). Marcel Dekker,Inc., New York. #8995

318. Mjalli,A.M.M. (1997) Application of automated parallel synthesis. In A.W.Czarnik & S.H.DeWitt (Eds.), A Practical Guide to Combinatorial Chemistry. (pp. 327-354). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #11704

319. Moore,W.T. (1997) Laser desorption mass spectrometry. Methods Enzymol., 289, 520-542. #10005

320. Moos, W. H. Drug discovery meets biotech: How automation enables the 'better-faster-cheaper' paradigm. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.1 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8279

321. Mullah,B., & Andrus,A. (1997) Automated synthesis of double dye-labeled oligonucleotides using tetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) solid supports. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 5751-5754. #9308

322. Nagai,A., Onose,K., Yamamoto,Y., Shimayama,T., & Yamada,R. (1997) L.J.Hitachi Chemical Co. Preparation of peptides having systematic amino acid sequences which consits of lysine or ornithine, and serine or threonine. Japan. 09227595. 96-42249, #9662

323. Nagai,A., Onose,K., Yamamoto,Y., Shimayama,T., & Yamada,R. (1997) L.J.Hitachi Chemical Co. Preparation of peptides having systematic amino acid sequences which consists of lysine and serine. Japan. 09227593. 96-42250, #9636

324. Neary, C. The present and future of automation in drug discovery. In: W.Hori. (Eds.) 1996; International Business Communications,Inc., Southborough p.1.1.1 #8879

325. Neil, W., Weller, H. N., Lawrence, R. M., and Young, M. G. Adaptation of liquid handlers to the automation of combinatorial organic chemistry. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.107 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8288

326. Nelson,P.S., Muthini,S., Vierra,M., Acosta,L., & Smith,T.H. (1997) Rainbow(TM) universal CPG: A versatile solid support for oligonucleotide synthesis. BioTechniques, 22, 752-756. #12521

327. Nihira,S., Kotaki,H., & Nakano,A. (1997) High-throughput screening through the use of robotics and high-performance data handling system. Amer. Lab., 29, 15-18. #9855

328. Nihira, S., Kotaki, H., and Nakano, A. High throughput screening through the use of robotics and high performance data handling system. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.259 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8309

329. Nuss,J.M., Desai,M.C., Zuckermann,R.N., Singh,R., Renhowe,P.A., Goff,D.A., Chinn,J.P., Wang,L., Dorr,H., Brown,E.G., & Subramanian,S. (1997) Developing a general strategy for the solid supported synthesis of heterocycles: Applications to the generation of molecular diversity and drug discovery. Pure Appl. Chem., 69, 447-452. #9166

330. Olsen, K. K. Rosie the robot, laboratory automation and the Second World War, 1941 to 1945. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.605 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8340

331. Ormand, J. R. It's 1:00 am...Do you know how your robot is performing? In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.664 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8343

332. Parker, T. D. III., Wright, D. S., and Rossi, D. T. Design and evaluation of an automated solid-phase extraction method-development system for use with biological fluids. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.455 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8335

333. Payne, C., Carter, G., Whiffin, G., and Lachno, R. Automated ion exchange extraction for quantification of a synthetic amino-acid drug candidate by LC-MS-MS. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.493 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8337

334. Pon,R.T., & Yu,S. (1997) Hydroquinone-O,O'-diacetic acid as a more labile replacement for succinic acid linkers in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 3327-3330. #8639

335. Pon,R.T., & Yu,S. (1997) Rapid automated derivatization of solid-phase supports for oligonucleotide synthesis using uronium or phosphonium coupling reagents. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 3331-3334. #8638

336. Porco,J.A.Jr., Deegan,T., Devonport,W., Gooding,O.W., Heisler,K., Labadie,J.W., Newcomb,B., Nguyen,C., van Eikeren,P., Wong,J., & Wright,P. (1997) Automated chemical synthesis: From resins to instruments. Mol. Diversity, 2, 197-206. #8867

337. Ray, B. New approaches for material handling at Glaxo Wellcome. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.398 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8326

338. Ren, X. and Witkowski, A. Use of the RapidTrace(TM) SPE workstation for accelerated methods development. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.469 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8336

339. Rivero,R.A., Greco,M.N. & Maryanoff,B.E. (1997) Equipment for the high-throughput organic synthesis of chemical libraries. In A.W.Czarnik & S.H.DeWitt (Eds.), A Practical Guide to Combinatorial Chemistry. (pp. 281-307). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #11702

340. Rose,D., & Lemmo,T. (1997) Challenges in implementing high-density formats for high throughput screening. Lab. Automat. New., 2, 12-19. #9966

341. Routburg, M., Swenson, R., Schmitt, B., Washington, A., Mueller, S., Hochlowski, J., Maslana, G., Minin, B., Matuszak, K., Searle, P., and Pan, J. Implementation of an automated purification/verification system. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.360 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8323

342. Rudge,D.A. (1997) The automation of solution phase synthetic chemistry using a XP Zymate laboratory robotic systems. Lab. Autom. Inf. Manage., 33, 81-86. #11425

343. Rushworth, D. M., Unczowsky, R., Amorusi, P., and Tse, S. Automated HPLC methods for the analysis of Zaleplon and metabolites in human plasma and urine. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.429 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8331

344. Rutherford, M. L. The role of automated systems in laboratory reengineering. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.592 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8339

345. Sabesan,S. (1997) Synthesis of peptidosialosides and peptidosaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 3127-3130. #8794

346. Sabirov,A.N., Kim,Y.D., Kim,H.J., & Samukov,V.V. (1997) FMOC- and NSC-groups as a base labile N(alpha)-amino protection: A comparative study in the automated SPPS. Protein Peptide Lett., 4, 307-312. #9742

347. Sasaki,J., & Oba,M. (1997) J.A/G Technology Corp. Preparation of human calcitonin derivative lowering serum calcium level. Japan. 09249698. 96-56370, #9633

348. Schreuer, O., Matysiak, S., Panke, G., Frank, R., Taudien, S., Rosenthal, A., and Gausepohl, H. Development of an automated system for the multiple parallel production of synthetic oligonucleotides. 1997. Poster presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Chemical Libraries, London, England, UK on 2nd-6th September 1997. #9604

349. Scialdone, M. A., Shuey, S. W., MacDonald, A. A., Newcomb, W. S., and Porco, J. A. Jr. Optimization of urea formation with Phoxime(TM) resin using the Nautilus(TM) 2400. 1997. #12548

350. Scott,W.L., Zhou,C., Fang,Z., & O'Donnell,M.J. (1997) The solid phase synthesis of alpha,alpha-disubstituted unnatural amino acids and peptides (di-UPS). Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 3695-3698. #8853

351. Shchepinov,M.S., & Stetsenko,D.A. (1997) A facile route to 3'-modified oligonucleotides. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 1181-1184. #9210

352. Shumate,C., Beckey,S., Coassin,P., & Stylli,H. (1997) Ultra-High throughput screening. Lab. Automat. New., 2, 24-9. #9968

353. Siegel,M.G., Hahn,P.J., Dressman,B.A., Fritz,J.E., Grunwell,J.R., & Kaldor,S.W. (1997) Rapid purification of small molecule libraries by ion exchange chromatography. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 3357-3360. #8764

354. Stephensen,H., & Zaragoza,F. (1997) Resin-bound isothiocyanates and their synthetic equivalents as intermediates for the solid-phase synthesis of substituted thiophenes. J. Org. Chem., 62, 6096-6097. #9325

355. Tamilarasan, R., Morabito, P. L., Zieman, J. J., and Hazelwood, P. D. Versatility. The key for success of automation systems in research and development laboratories. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.631 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8342

356. Tan,W., Iyer,R.P., Jiang,Z., Yu,D., & Agrawal,S. (1997) Anonymous. Method of tritium labeling oligonucleotides. US Patent. 5,668,262. 485,112, #11982

357. Taylor, L. C., Garr, C., Johnson, R. L., and Batt, J. Open access mass spectrometry in combinatorial chemistry. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.349 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8322

358. Thiericke, R., Undisz, K., Zerlin, A., Munder, T., and Grabley, S. Automation of functional screening assays in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.312 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8317

359. Tomlinson, J. J. High throughput quantitative analysis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.413 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8329

360. Van Ausdall, D. A. and Marshall, W. S. Automated high throughput mass spectral analysis of oligonucleotides. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.116 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8290

361. van der Laan,A.C., Brill,R., Kuimelis,R.G., Kuyl-Yeheskiely,E., van Boom,J.H., Andrus,A., & Vinayak,R. (1997) A convenient automated solid-phase synthesis of PNA-(5' )-DNA-(3' )-PNA chimera. Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 2249-2252. #8650

362. Weller,H.N., Young,M.G., Michalczyk,S.J., Reitnauer,G.H., Cooley,R.S., Rahn,P.C., Loyd,D.J., Fiore,D., & Fischman,S.J. (1997) High throughput analysis and purification in support of automated parallel synthesis. Mol. Diversity, 3, 61-70. #10099

363. Yanai,Y., Irie,K., Ohigashi,H., & Wender,P.A. (1997) Synthesis and characterization of the first cysteine-rich domain of novel protein kinase C. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 117-122. #8658

364. Yoshikawa,M., & Fukutome,S. (1997) L.J.Nisshin Flour Milling Co. Preparation of peptides possessing high opioid activity. Japan. 09227590. 96-65282, #9638

365. Zavitsanos, P. and Palantra, J. The RapidTrace in the contract bioanalytical laboratory, impact on data quality and sample throughput. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.430 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8332

366. Zenie, F. H. It's only a matter of time. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkington, MA p.15 Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1996. #8280

367. Zheng,Q., & Kyle,D.J. (1997) Computational screening of combinatorial libraries via multicopy sampling [review]. Drug Disc. Today, 2, 229-234. #9200

368. Agrafiotis,D.K., Bone,R.F., Salemme,F.R., & Soll,R.M. (1996) I.P.P.U.3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals. System and method of automatically generating chemical compounds with desired properties. US Patent. 5,574,656. 535,822, #9725

369. Allee,C. (1996) Data management for automated drug discovery laboratories. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 307-310. #9978

370. Alvarado Urbina,G., Voelter,W., Weiler,A., Echner,H., Stoeva,S., Schernthaner,J.P., Reinig,W., Glubler,G. & Gross,W. (1996) Optimized automated solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides and their derivatives. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 135-140). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #8913

371. Armstrong,J.W., Tipsword,M., Sampson,W., Thomason,A., & Hamilton,S.D. (1996) Automated high throughput RT-PCR. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 311-315. #9979

372. Balkenhohl,F., von dem Bussche-Hunnefeld,C., Lansky,A., & Zechel,C. (1996) Combinatorial synthesis of small organic molecules. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 35, 2289-2337. #5694

373. Bauer,B.E. (1996) Automation issues at the interface between combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening. In I.M.Chaiken & K.D.Janda (Eds.), Molecular Diversity and Combinatorial Chemistry. Libraries and Drug Discovery. (pp. 233-245). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #5115

374. Beck-Sickinger,A.G. & Jung,G. (1996) From multiple peptide synthesis to peptide libraries. In G.Jung (Ed.), Combinatorial Peptide and Nonpeptide Libraries: A Handbook. (pp. 79-109). VCH, Weinheim. #8170

375. Blaha,I., Flegel,M., Cerna,V., Pavlik,M., Pokorny,V., Mudra,P., Lepsa,L. & Zenisek,K. (1996) Automatic peptide synthesizer useful for multiple peptide synthesis and peptide libraries. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 319-320). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #3235

376. Borman,S. (1996) Combinatorial chemists focus on small molecules, molecular recognition, and automation. C&EN, 74, 29-54. #4611

377. Boutin,J.A. & Fauchere,J.L. (1996) Second-generation robotic synthesizer for peptide, pseudopeptide and non-peptide libraries. In J.N.Little, C.O'Neil & J.R.Strimaitis (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Laboratory Automation and Robotics 1995. (pp. 197-210). Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton. #8223

378. Brennan,T.M. (1996) P.A.C.U.The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. Apparatus and method for polymer synthesis using arrays. US Patent. 5,529,756. 502,312, #11735

379. Cargill,J.F., & Maiefski,R.R. (1996) Automated combinatorial chemistry on solid phase. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 139-148. #5344

380. Christensen,J.W., Peterson,M.L., Saneii,H.H. & Healy,E.T. (1996) Optimization of the automated solid phase synthesis of biphenylalanine and related analogs. In P.T.P.Kaumaya & R.S.Hodges (Eds.), Peptides:Chemistry,Structure and Biology,Proc.14.APS. (pp. 141-143). Mayflower Scientific Ltd., Kingswinford. #3032

381. Crespin,M.A., Ballesteros,E., Gallero,M., & Valcarcel,M. (1996) Automatic preconcentration of chlorophenols and gas chromatographic determination with electron capture detection. Chromatographia, 43, 633-639. #8468

382. Czarnik,A.W., & DeWitt,S.H. (1996) Automating synthesis. Chem. Brit., 43-45. #8208

383. Delforge,D., Art,M., Gillon,B., Dieu,M., Delaive,E., Raes,M., & Remacle,J. (1996) Automated solid-phase synthesis of cyclic peptides bearing a side-chain tail designed for subsequent chemical grafting. Anal. Biochem., 242, 180-186. #9386

384. DeWitt,S.H., Bear,B.R., Brussolo,J.S., Duffield,M.J., Hogan,E.M., Kibbey,C.E., MacDonald,A.A., Nickell,D.G., Rhoton,R.L. & Robertson,G.A. (1996) A modular system for combinatorial and automated synthesis. In I.M.Chaiken & K.D.Janda (Eds.), Molecular Diversity and Combinatorial Chemistry. Libraries and Drug Discovery. (pp. 207-218). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #5113

385. Engling,R. (1996) Part 5: Achieving compliance. Today's Chemist at Work, 61-70. #4595

386. Engling,R. (1996) Part 3: Improved sample handling and preparation. Today's Chemist at Work, 34-48. #4593

387. Engling,R. (1996) Part 4: Enhancing quality output. Today's Chemist at Work, 51-59. #4594

388. Engling,R. (1996) Part 7: Joining forces. Today's Chemist at Work, 85-86. #4597

389. Engling,R. (1996) Part 1: Higher levels of inteligence. Today's Chemist at Work, 5-25. #4591

390. Engling,R. (1996) Part 2: Higher levels of control. Today's Chemist at Work, 26-32. #4592

391. Engling,R. (1996) Part 6: Focus on service. Today's Chemist at Work, 71-82. #4596

392. Fink,S.W., Thompson,W.L., & Slayback,J.R.B. (1996) A fully automated system for confirmational mass spectrometric analysis. Spectroscopy, 11, 26-32. #4129

393. Frank,R., Hoffmann,S., Kiess,M., Lahmann,H., Tegge,W., Behn,C. & Gausepohl,H. (1996) Combinatorial synthesis on membrane supports by the SPOT technique: Imaging peptide sequence and shape space. In G.Jung (Ed.), Combinatorial Peptide and Nonpeptide Libraries: A Handbook. (pp. 363-386). VCH, Weinheim. #8179

394. Gausepohl,H., Behn,C., Schopfer,R. & Frank,R.W. (1996) Synthesis optimisation using on-line monitoring in a new continuous flow synthesizer. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 87-92). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #8903

395. Gooding,O., Hoeprich,P.D.Jr., Labadie,J.W., Porco,J.A.Jr., van Eikeren,P. & Wright,P. (1996) Boosting the productivity of medicinal chemistry through automation tools: Novel technological developments enable a wide range of automated synthetic procedures. In I.M.Chaiken & K.D.Janda (Eds.), Molecular Diversity and Combinatorial Chemistry. Libraries and Drug Discovery. (pp. 199-206). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #5112

396. Goodman,M., Wang,S.H.H., Rueter,J.K., Taulane,J.P. & McCandless,J. (1996) Automated peptide synthesis utilizing urethane-protected N-carboxyanhydrides (UNCA's). In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 73-86). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #8902

397. Guiles,J.W., Johnson,S.G. & Murray,W.V. (1996) Solid phase Suzuki for C-C bond formation. In Anonymous, Book of Abstracts, 211th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 24-28. (pp. ORGN-126. American Chemical Society,Washington,D, #6569

398. Hamilton,S.D. (1996) Special issue on automation in drug discovery. Editorial notes. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 259. #9972

399. Hamilton,S.D., Armstrong,J.W., Gerren,R.A., Janssen,A.M., Peterson,J.V., & Stanton,R.A. (1996) An overview of automated biotechnology screening. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 287-294. #9976

400. Harness, J., Baker, W., and Towell, J. A workstation for performing all aspects of organic synthesis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) American Chemical Society, Orlando p.MEDI 007 212th ACS National Meeting. #11422OLD

401. Harness,J.R. (1996) Automation of high-throughput synthesis: Automated laboratory workstations designed to perform and support combinatorial chemistry. In I.M.Chaiken & K.D.Janda (Eds.), Molecular Diversity and Combinatorial Chemistry. Libraries and Drug Discovery. (pp. 188-198). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #5107

402. Hegy,G., Gorlach,E., Richmond,R., & Bitsch,F. (1996) High throughput electrospray mass spectrometry of combinatorial chemistry racks with automated contamination surveillance and results reporting. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10, 1894-1900. #8756

403. Hoeprich,P.D.Jr. (1996) Automated solid phase synthesis of small organic molecules. Nat. Biotech., 14, 1311-1313. #6667

404. Hurst,J. (1996) Laboratory Robotics and Automation. John Wiley & Sons,Inc., New York. #3471

405. Jaklevic,J.M. (1996) Automation of high-throughput PCR assays. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 277-286. #9975

406. Janzen,W.P. (1996) High throughput screening as a discovery tool in the pharmaceutical industry. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 261-265. #9973

407. Jindal,S. (1996) Automated target-based screening of soluble libraries. In K.Emory & J.Schlegel (Eds.), Cost-Effective Strategies for Automated and Accelerated High- Throughput Screening. Biomedical Library Series, Southborough. #5138

408. Kates,S.A., Sole,N.A., Beyermann,M., Barany,G., & Albericio,F. (1996) Optimized preparation of deca(L-alanyl)-L-valinamide by 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase synthesis on polyethylene glycol-polystyrene (PEG-PS) graft supports, with 1,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) deprotection. Peptide Res., 9, 106-113. #6814

409. Krchnak,V. & Lebl,M. (1996) MARS: Multiple automatic robot synthesizer featuring a novel timing procedure and random access to reagents and reaction vessels. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis & Combinatorial Libraries. (pp. 93-96). Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. #6934 3656

410. Krchnak,V., Cabel,D., & Lebl,M. (1996) MARS: Multiple automated robotic synthesizer for continuous flow of peptides. Peptide Res., 9, 45-49. #3469

411. Krchnak,V., Lebl,M., & Seligmann,B. (1996) T.A.U.Selectide Corporation. Apparatus and method for multiple synthesis of organic compounds on polymer support. WO PCT. 96/22157. US96/01168, #11751

412. Labadie,J.W., Deegan,T.L., Gooding,O.W., Heisler,K., Newcomb,W.S., Porco,J.A.Jr., Tran,T.H. & van Eikeren,P. (1996) New poly(styrene-oxyethylene) graft copolymers as supports for solid-phase organic synthesis. In Anonymous, Book of Abstracts, 212th ACS National Meeting, Orlando, FL, August 25-29. (pp. PMSE-250. American Chemical Society,Washington,D, #6973

413. Lawrence, R. M., Fryszman, O. M., Poss, M. A., Biller, S. A., and Weller, H. N. Automated preparation and purification of amides. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton, MA p.211 Proceedingds of the International Symposium of Laboratory Robotics and Automation 1995. #5230

414. Luu,T., Pham,S., & Deshpande,S. (1996) Automated multiple peptide synthesis: Improvements in obtaining quality peptides. Int. J. Peptide Prot. Res., 47, 91-97. #3988

415. Manchanda,R., Dunham,S.U., & Lippard,S.J. (1996) Automated solid-phase synthesis of site-specifically platinated oligodeoxyribonucleotides. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 118, 5144-5145. #4934

416. Mjalli,A.M.M. & Toyonaga,B.E. (1996) Application of solid phase synthesized small molecule libraries in drug discovery. In Anonymous, Book of Abstracts, 211th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 24-28. (pp. BIOT-119. American Chemical Society,Washington,D, #7211

417. Morvan,F., Sanghvi,Y.S., Perbost,M., Vasseur,J.J., & Bellon,L. (1996) Oligonucleotide mimics for antisense therapeutics: Solution phase and automated solid-support synthesis of MMI linked oligomers. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 118, 255-256. #10541

418. Murray,C., & Anderson,C. (1996) Scheduling software for high-throughput screening. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 295-305. #9977

419. Myers, P. L. A totally integrated approach to combinatorial chemistry. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton, MA Proceedingds of the International Symposium of Laboratory Robotics and Automation 1995. #8301

420. Nakahara,Y., & Ogawa,T. (1996) Solid-phase synthesis of an O-linked glycopeptide based on a benzyl-protected glycan approach. Carbohyd. Res., 292, 71-81. #7267

421. Nielsen,J. (1996) Combinatorial chemistry and automation. Drug Disc. Today, 1, 458-460. #5768

422. Peterson,M.L. (1996) The evolution of advanced synthetic automation for high-throughput organic synthesis. Amer. Biotechnol. Lab., 14, 66. #11424

423. Polinsky,A., Feinstein,R.D., Shi,S. & Kuki,A. (1996) LiBrain: Software for automated design of exploratory and targeted combinatorial libraries. In I.M.Chaiken & K.D.Janda (Eds.), Molecular Diversity and Combinatorial Chemistry. Libraries and Drug Discovery. (pp. 219-232). American Chemical Society, Washington,DC. #5114

424. Reichler,A.S., Antol,D.J., Lamos,M.L., Bourdelle,P.A., & Hildebrand,S.D. (1996) F.L.N.U.Becton Dickinson and Company. System for nucleic acid based diagnostic assay. US Patent. 5,578,270. 409,821, #11745

425. Reichman,M., Marples,E., & Lenz,S. (1996) Approaches to automation for high-throughput screening. Lab. Robotics Automation, 8, 267-276. #9974

426. Richter,L.S., Spellmeyer,D.C., Martin,E.J., Figliozzi,G.M. & Zuckermann,R.N. (1996) Automated synthesis of nonnatural oligomer libraries: The peptoid concept. In G.Jung (Ed.), Combinatorial Peptide and Nonpeptide Libraries: A Handbook. (pp. 387-404). VCH, Weinheim. #10524

427. Saneii,H.H., Hamker,L., Sun,X. & Peterson,M. (1996) Automated synthetic strategies: Process development for peptide and organic chemistry. In Anonymous, Peptide Chemistry. (pp. 93-96). Protein Research Foundation, London. #11423

428. Saneii,H.H., Peterson,M.L., Anderson,H., Healy,E.T. & Bizanek,R.G. (1996) Advanced automation for peptides and non-peptidic molecules. In P.T.P.Kaumaya & R.S.Hodges (Eds.), Peptides:Chemistry,Structure and Biology,Proc.14.APS. (pp. 136-140). Mayflower Scientific Ltd., Kingswinford. #5035

429. Schliepe,J., Berghoff,U., Lippert,B., & Cech,D. (1996) Automated solid phase synthesis of platinated oligonucleotides via nucleoside phosphonates. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 35, 646-648. #4743

430. Whitten,J.P., Xie,Y.F., Erickson,P.E., Webb,T.R., De Souza,E.B., Grigoriadis,D.E., & McCarthy,J.R. (1996) Rapid microscale synthesis, a new method for lead optimization using robotics and solution phase chemistry: Application to the synthesis and optimization of corticotropin-releasing factor(1) receptor antagonist. J. Med. Chem., 39, 4354-4357. #5589

431. Wiesmuller,K.H., Feiertag,S., Fleckenstein,B., Kienle,S., Stoll,D., Herrmann,M. & Jung,G. (1996) Peptide and cyclopeptide libraries: Automated synthesis, analysis and receptor binding assays. In G.Jung (Ed.), Combinatorial Peptide and Nonpeptide Libraries: A Handbook. (pp. 203-246). VCH, Weinheim. #8173

432. Xiao,W., Player,M.R., Li,G., Zhang,W., Lesiak,K., & Torrence,P.F. (1996) Synthesis and characterization of composite nucleic acids containing 2',5'-oligoriboadenylate linked to antisense DNA. Antisense Nucl. Acid Drug Devel., 6, 247-258. #8465

433. Xu,Q.H., Musier-Forsyth,K., Hammer,R.P., & Barany,G. (1996) Use of 1,2,4-dithiazolidine-3,5-dione (DtsNH) and 3-ethoxy-1,2,4-dithiazoline-5-one (EDITH) for synthesis of phosphorothioate-containing oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Nucl. Acid. Res., 24, 1602-1607. #8051

434. Zehl,A., Starke,A., Cech,D., Hartsch,T., Merkl,R., & Fritz,H.J. (1996) Efficient and flexible access to fully protected trinucleotides suitable for DNA synthesis by automated phosphoramidite chemistry. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 2677-2678. #12528

435. Agrafiotis,D.K., Bone,R.F., Salemme,F.R., & Soll,R.M. (1995) I.P.P.U.3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals. System and method of automatically generating chemical compounds with desired properties. US Patent. 5,463,564. 306,915, #3551

436. Bailey,J.M. (1995) Chemical methods of protein sequence analysis. Review. J. Chromatogr. A, 705, 47-65. #5888

437. Bailey,J.M., Tu,O., Issai,G., Ha,A., & Shively,J.E. (1995) Automated carboxy-terminal sequence analysis of polypeptides containing C-terminal proline. Anal. Biochem., 224, 588-596. #5889

438. Baru,M.B., Cherskii,V.V., Danilov,A.V., Moshnikov,S.A., & Mustaeva,L.G. (1995) Automatic SynChrom system for solid phase peptide synthesis and liquid column chromatography.I.Principles of design and structural constituents. Russ. J. Bioorch. Chem., 21, 498-505. #3388

439. Baru,M.B., Cherskii,V.V., Danilov,A.V., Moshnikov,S.A., & Mustaeva,L.G. (1995) Automatic SynChrom system for solid phase peptide synthesis and liquid column chromatography.II. Application to solid phase peptide synthesis and liquid column chromatography. Russ. J. Bioorch. Chem., 21, 506-516. #3389

440. Bauer,B.E. (1995) The MDL SCREEN approach to the problem of managing data from enterprise-wide high throughput screening (HTS). Net. Sci., 1, #4003 (Available on Internet)

441. Borman,S. (1995) Liquid-phase combinatorial synthesis technique could ease automation. C&EN, 25-28. #3006

442. Bruno,W.J., Knill,E., Balding,D.J., Bruce,D.C., Doggett,N.A., Sawhill,W.W., Stallings,R.L., Whittaker,C.C., & Torney,D.C. (1995) Efficient pooling designs for library screening. Genomics, 26, 21-30. #6068

443. Brussolo,J.S., & DeWitt,S.H. (1995) Automated sample handlig systems. Net. Sci., 1, #4000 (Available on Internet)

444. Cargill, J. F., Maiefski, R. R., and Toyonaga, B. E. Automated combinatorial chemistry on solid phase. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton, MA p.221 Proceedingds of the 13th International Symposium of Laboratory Robotics and Automation 1995. #8300

445. DeWitt,S.H., Schroeder,M.C., & Stankovic,C.J. (1995) Integration and automation of multiple, simultaneous organic synthesis on a solid support. Amer. Lab., 26AA-26BB. #2421

446. DeWitt,S.H., & Czarnik,A.W. (1995) Automated synthesis and combinatorial chemistry. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 6, 640-645. #8207

447. Gao,J.L. (1995) An automated procedure for simulating chemical reactions in solution. Application to the decarboxylation of 3- carboxybenzisoxazole in water. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 117, 8600-8607. #6485

448. Gordon,E.M. (1995) Libraries of non-polymeric organic molecules. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 6, 624-631. #6539

449. Holmes,C.P., Adams,C.L., Kochersperger,L.M., Mortensen,R.B., & Aldwin,L.A. (1995) The use of light-directed combinatorial peptide synthesis in epitope mapping. Biopolymers (Pept. Sci. ), 37, 199-212. #2156

450. Hurst,W.J. (1995) Automation in the Laboratory. VCH Publishers, New York. #4824

451. Ivanov,B., Grzesik,W., & Robey,F.A. (1995) Synthesis and use of a new bromoacetyl-derivatized heterotrifunctional amino acid for conjugation of cyclic RGD- containing peptides derived from human bone sialoprotein. Bioconjug. Chem., 6, 269-277. #6729

452. Kester,J., Geldern,T.V., Kalvin,D. & Sowin,T. (1995) Solid-phase synthesis of azole endothelin antagonists. In Anonymous, Book of Abstracts, 210th ACS National Meeting, Chicago, IL, August 20-24. (pp. MEDI-36. American Chemical Society,Washington,D, #6847

453. Lashkari,D.A., Hunicke-Smith,S.P., Norgren,R.M., Davis,R.W., & Brennan,T. (1995) An automated multiplex oligonucleotide synthesizer: Development of high-throughput, low-cost DNA synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92, 7912-7915. #6998

454. Miki,K., Mori,T., Ohkawa,H., Hosokawa,Y., Kondo,A., & Kato,I. (1995) L.K.J.Horiba & L.K.J.Takara Shuzo Co. Pretreatment apparatus for analysis of sugar. US Patent. 5,472,669. 19,593, #11734

455. Moshnikov,S.A., Mustaeva,L.G., Danilov,A.V., Suhov,I.E., & Baru,M.B. (1995) Optimization of protocol for automatic solid phase peptide synthesis using variable volume flow reactor. Bioorganicheskaia Khimiia, 21, 179-187. #7233

456. Myers, P. L. An integrated drug discovery approach incorporating combinatorial chemistry: The role of instrumentation. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton, MA p.235 Proceedingds of the 13th International Symposium of Laboratory Robotics and Automation 1995. #8512

457. Nokihara,K., Hazama,M., Yamamoto,R., & Nakamura,S. (1995) K.J.Shimadzu Corporation. Simultaneous multiple chemical synthesizer. US Patent. 5,395,594. 933,729, #11738

458. Peterson,M.L. (1995) Automated strategies for combinatorial chemistry. Biomed. Product, 20, 96. #3202

459. Robey,F.A., Kelsonharris,T., Roller,P.P., & Robertguroff,M. (1995) A helical epitope in the C4 domain of HIV glycoprotein 120. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 23918-23921. #7560

460. Rudge, D. and Main, B. Automated chemical synthesis. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton, MA Proceedingds of the International Symposium of Laboratory Robotics and Automation 1994. #8299

461. Saito,Y., Sekiya,K., Sato,Y., Kohno,T., Takahasi,H., Terada,K., & Aoki,T. (1995) T.J.Sankyo Company Limited & L.K.J.Horiba. Chemical luminescence-detecting apparatus with multiple sensors. US Patent. 5,422,075. 83,401, #11739

462. Smethers,R.T., & Warner,B.D. (1995) E.C.U.Chiron Corporation. Assay device with captured particle reagent. US Patent. 5,382,512. 110,435, #5146

463. Stoney, K., Nugent, K., Land, A., Bier, M., Schwartz, J., and Wheeler, K. Automation of rapid, high sensitivity pharmacokinetics assays by LC/MS/MS. . 1995. Poster presented at the ASMS meeting in Atlanta,May 1995. #3074

464. Torchia,M.G., Cote,D.D., McTaggart,K.J., & Judt,C.P. (1995) W.C.Technology 2000 Incorporated. Robotic admixture system. US Patent. 5,431,201. 161,278, #11740

465. Wenschuh,H., Beyermann,M., Haber,H., Seydel,J.K., Krause,E., & Bienert,M. (1995) Stepwise automated solid phase synthesis of naturally occuring peptaibols using FMOC amino acid fluorides. J. Org. Chem., 60, 405-410. #2312

466. Albericio,F., & Kates,S.A. (1994) B.Biosearch Inc. Automated allyl deprotection in solid-phase synthesis. EU. 623 626. US 45,273, #5168

467. Borman,S. (1994) Chemical-enzymatic technique used to make carbohydrates, glycopeptides. C&EN, 37-39. #1384

468. Bozzini, M., Ciolek, D., DeBarbieri, B., Hollfelder, K., Boyd, V. L., Yuan, P. M., Michel, H., and Pan, Y. C. E. Using an automated C-terminal sequencer in the characterization of recombinant proteins. In: Anonymous. (Eds.) Perkin Elmer, Applied Biosystems Division, Foster City p.19 #1788

469. DeWitt,S.H., Schroeder,M.C., Stankovic,C.J., Strode,J.E., & Czarnik,A.W. (1994) DIVERSOMER(TM) technology: Solid phase synthesis, automation, and integration for the generation of chemical diversity. Drug Develop. Res., 33, 116-124. #1898

470. Domanico,P.L. (1994) Discovery research: Innovation and automation. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 26, 115-121. #2675

471. Durgo, J. A. Dual auto-robotic peptide library synthesizer. . 1994. Poster presented at Combinatorial Libraries for Molecular Diversity Conference,August 11-12,1994,Stouffer Stanford Court Hotel S.F.,California. #3240

472. Earley,J.J., Tromp,G.C., Prockop,D.J., & Kuivaniemi,S.H. (1994) P.P.U.Thomas Jefferson University. Method and apparatus for robotically performing sanger dideoxynucleotide DNA sequencing reactions. WO PCT. 94/08759. US93/09961, #11776

473. Epton,R. (1994) Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis. Mayflower Scientific Limited, Birmingham. ISBN 0951573519 #13447

474. Fino,J.R. (1994) A.P.I.U.Abbott Laboratories. Methods, kits, and reactive supports for 3' labeling of oligonucleotides. US Patent. 5,290,925. 630,908, #9775

475. Gausepohl,H. & Behn,C. (1994) Automated peptide synthesis, cleavage and purification. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis. (pp. 175-182). Mayflower Worldwide Limited, Birmingham. #1857

476. Kates,S.A., Daniels,S.B., Sole,N.A., Barany,G. & Albericio,F. (1994) Automated allyl chemistry for solid-phase peptide synthesis: Applications to cyclic and branched peptides. In R.S.Hodges & J.A.Smith (Eds.), Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology,Proc.13.APS. (pp. 113-115). ESCOM, Leiden. #1878

477. Leach,A.R. (1994) Ligand docking to proteins with discrete side-chain flexibility. J. Mol. Biol., 235, 345-356. #7002

478. McGraw,R.A., & Grosse,W.M. (1994) I.A.G.U.University of Georgia Research Foundation. Automated synthesis of oligonucleotides. US Patent. 5,368,823. 16,739, #3450

479. Nika,H., Chow,D.T., Bures,E.J., Hess,D., Morrison,H.D., & Aebersold,R. (1994) Automated subpicomole level protein and peptide sequencing. J. Protein Chem., 13, 439-441. #7313

480. Nokihara,K., Yamamoto,R., & Nakamura,S. (1994) K.J.Shimadzu Corporation. Apparatus for isolation of synthetic peptide without mechanical loss. US Patent. 5,356,596. 22,036, #9777

481. Picozza,E., Woudenberg,T., Ragusa,B., & Keese,R. (1994) N.C.U.The Perkin-Elmer Corporation. Cover for array of reaction tubes. EP. 0606534A1. 93115845.5, #11755

482. Saneii,H.H., Shannon,J.D., Miceli,R.M., Fischer,H.D. & Smith,C.W. (1994) Fully automated selection and synthesis of peptide libraries. In R.S.Hodges & J.A.Smith (Eds.), Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology,Proc.13.APS. (pp. 1018-1020). ESCOM, Leiden. #1013

483. Sugawara,T., Kato,S., & Okamoto,S. (1994) Development of fully automated synthesis systems. J. Automation Chem., 16, 33. #8295

484. Webb,T.R. (1994) S.D.C.U.Corvas International Inc. Reagents for automated synthesis of peptide analogs. US Patent. 5,367,072. 807,474, #5148

485. Zuckermann,R.N., Figliozzi,G.M., Banville,S.C., Kerr,J.M., Siani,M.A., Martin,E.J., Brown,E.G. & Wang,L. (1994) Automated tools for the production of non-natural molecular diversity. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis. (pp. 397-402). Mayflower Worldwide Limited, Birmingham. #1870

486. Andrus,W.A., McCollum,C.D., & Zon,G. (1993) I.F.C.C.U.Applied Biosystems. Automated system for polynucleotide synthesis and purification. US Patent. 5,262,530. 558,747, #9788

487. Babson,A.L., & Olson,D.R. (1993) I.P.O.B.1.C.N.U.Cirrus Diagnostics. Improved centrifuge vessel for automated solid-phase immunoassay. WO PCT. 93/10455. US92/10247, #13734

488. Blaney,J.M., & Dixon,J.S. (1993) A good ligands is hard to find: Automated docking methods. Perspect. Drug Disc. Design, 1, 301-319. #2321

489. Bridgham,J., Geiser,T., Hunkapiller,M.W., Kent,S.B.H., Marriott,M.P., Ramstad,P.O., & Nordman,E.S. (1993) I.F.C.C.U.Applied Biosystems. Automated polypeptide synthesis apparatus. US Patent. 5,186,898. 328,488, #9790

490. DeWitt,S.H., Stankovic,C.J. & Schroeder,M.C. (1993) The DIVERSOMER approach: Integration and automation of multiple, simultaneous solid phase synthesis. In J.R.Stimatitis & G.L.Hawk (Eds.), Advances in Laboratory Automation-Robotics. (pp. 248-263). Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton,MA. #2373

491. Gausepohl,H. & Frank,R.W. (1993) Fully automated peptide synthesis on polyethylene rods. In C.H.Schneider & A.N.Eberle (Eds.), Peptides 1992, Proc.22.EPS. (pp. 310-311). ESCOM, Leiden. #2978

492. Kates,S.A., Daniels,S.B., & Albericio,F. (1993) Automated allyl cleavage for continuous-flow synthesis of cyclic and branched peptides. Anal. Biochem., 212, 303-310. #6813

493. Lindsey,J.S., & Corkan,L.A. (1993) Toward high performance parallel experimentation machines. Use of a scheduler as a quantitative computer-aided design tool for evaluating workstation performance. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 21, 139-150. #4632

494. Mery,J., Granier,C., Juin,M., & Brugidou,J. (1993) Disulfide linkage to polyacrylic resin for automated Fmoc peptide synthesis.Immunochemical applications of peptide resins and mercaptoamide peptides. Int. J. Peptide Prot. Res., 42, 44-52. #3454

495. Neimark,J., & Briand,J.P. (1993) Development of a fully automated multichannel peptide synthesizer with integrated TFA cleavage capability. Peptide Res., 6, 219-228. #1165

496. Nokihara,K., Hazama,M., Yamamoto,R., & Nakamura,S. (1993) K.J.Shimadzu Corporation. Apparatus for the simultaneous synthesis of different peptides. EP. 0529504A2. 92114165.1, #3452

497. Ohkawa,H., Hosokawa,Y., Kondo,A., & Kato,I. (1993) L.K.J.Horiba & L.K.J.Takara Shuzo Co. Pretreatment apparatus for use in analysis. EP. 0557828A1. 93102251.1, #11808

498. Sloan,D.D., Blanchard,M.M., Burough,F.W., Nowotny,V., & Smith,G.P. (1993) Screening yeast artificial chromosome libraries with robot-aided automation surface display and peptide libraries. Gene, 128, 1-2. #7752

499. Webb,T.R. (1993) S.D.C.U.Corvas International Inc. Reagents for automated synthesis of peptide analogs. WO PCT. 93/12076. US 807,474, #3955

500. Wiesmuller,K.H., Treffer,U., Spohn,R. & Jung,G. (1993) Fully automated synthesis of peptides on polyethylene pins. In C.H.Schneider & A.N.Eberle (Eds.), Peptides 1992, Proc.22.EPS. (pp. 308-309). ESCOM, Leiden. #2977

501. Ansorge,W., Schwager,C., & Sproat,B. (1992) H.G.Europaisches Laboratorium fur Molekularbiologie (EMBL). Apparatus for carrying out chemical reaction sequences. US Patent. 5,137,698. 449,903, #11737

502. Bailey,J.M., Shenoy,N.R., Ronk,M., & Shively,J.E. (1992) Automated carboxy-terminal sequence analysis of peptides. Protein Sci., 1, 68-80. #1363

503. Corkan,L.A., Plouvier,J.C., & Lindsey,J.S. (1992) Application of an automated chemistry workstation to problems in synthetic chemistry. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 17, 95-105. #4633

504. Corkan,L.A., & Lindsey,J.S. (1992) Experiment manager software for an automated chemistry workstation, including a scheduler for parallel experimentation. Lab. Inform. Manage., 17, 47-74. #2344

505. Fox,J.E. (1992) Automatic multiple peptide synthesis. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 20, 851-853. #3453

506. Frank,R. (1992) SPOT synthesis: An easy technique for the positionally addressable, parallel chemical synthesis on a membrane support. Tetrahedron, 48, 9217-9232. #1316

507. Gausepohl,H., Boulin,C., Kraft,M., & Frank,R.W. (1992) Automated multiple peptide synthesis. Peptide Res., 5, 315-320. #2375

508. Hudson,D., Honig,J., Cook,R.M., & Ng,D.J. (1992) B.M.U.Millipore Corporation. Apparatus and process for performing repetitive chemical processing. US Patent. 5,147,608. 188,453, #3451

509. Lebl,M., Stierandova,A., Eichler,J., Patek,M., Pokorny,V., Jehnicka,J., Mudra,P., Zenisek,K. & Kalousek,J. (1992) An automated multiple solid phase peptide synthesizer utilizing cotton as a carrier. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. (pp. 251-257). Intercept Limited, Andover. #753

510. Lindsey,J.S. (1992) A retrospective on the automation of laboratory synthetic chemistry. Lab. Inform. Manage., 17, 15-45. #2343

511. McCulloch,P.F., & Moore,R.J.F. (1992) M.E.U.Quatro Biosystems Limited. Bio-fluid assay apparatus. US Patent. 5,122,342. 378,968, #11743

512. Murphy,A.M., Dagnino,R.Jr., Vallar,P.L., Trippe,A.J., Sherman,S.L., Lumpkin,R.H., Tamura,S.Y., & Webb,T.R. (1992) Automated synthesis of peptide C-terminal aldehydes. J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 114, 3156-3157. #2403

513. Nokihara,K. & Yamamoto,R. (1992) Design and characteristics of the novel eight channel multiple solid phase peptide synthesizer using disposal reaction and amino acid vessels. In J.A.Smith & J.E.Rivier (Eds.), Peptides: Chemistry and Biology, Proc.12.APS. (pp. 507-508). ESCOM, Leiden. #2939

514. Plouvier,J.C., Corkan,L.A., & Lindsey,J.S. (1992) Experiment planner for strategic experimentation with an automated chemistry workstation. Lab. Inform. Manage., 17, 75-94. #2345

515. Albin,M., Wiktorowicz,J.E., Black,B., & Moring,S. (1991) Performance aspects of an automated, high-throughput capillary electrophoresis system. Amer. Lab., 27-35. #1903

516. Andrus,W.A., McCollum,C.D., & Zon,G. (1991) I.F.C.C.U.Applied Biosystems. Automated system for polynucleotide synthesis and purification. US Patent. 5,047,524. 287,890, #9806

517. Beck-Sickinger,A.G., Durr,H., & Jung,G. (1991) Semiautomated T-bag peptide synthesis using 9-fluorenyl- methoxycarbonyl strategy and benzotriazol-1-yl-tetramethyl- uronium tetrafluoroborate activation. Peptide Res., 4, 88-94. #2944

518. Butikofer,U., Fuchs,D., Bosset,J.O., & Gmur,W. (1991) Automated HPLC-amino acid determination of protein hydrolysates by precolumn derivatization with Opa and Fmoc and comparison with classical ion exchange chromatography. Chromatographia, 31, 441-447. #6086

519. Clavijo,J.P., Lu,Y.A., Galantino,P., Shen,M., Liu,Z.Y., & Tam,W. (1991) Chemically unambiguous peptide immunogen. Preparation, orientation and antigenicity of purified peptide conjugated to the multiple antigen peptide system. Mol. Immunol., 28, 623-630. #6201

520. Fields,C.G., Lloyd,D.H., Macdonald,R.L., Otteson,K.M., & Noble,R.L. (1991) HBTU activation for automated Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Peptide Res., 4, 95-101. #181

521. Fox,J.E., Newton,R., & Stroud,C.H. (1991) A new detector for fully automatic peptide synthesis. Int. J. Peptide Prot. Res., 38, 62-65. #6425

522. Gausepohl,H., Kraft,M., Boulin,C. & Frank,R.W. (1991) A multiple reaction system for automated simultaneous peptide synthesis. In E.Giralt & D.Andreu (Eds.), Peptides 90, Proc.21.EPS. (pp. 206-207). ESCOM, Leiden. #2949

523. Hutchins,B.M., Dunlap,R.R., Abrahams,L., & Amato,S.M. (1991) H.M.Zymark Corporation. Automated centrifuge. US Patent. 5,045,047. 380,965, #13862

524. Schnorrenberg,G., Wiesmuller,K.H., Beck-Sickinger,A.G., Drechsel,H. & Jung,G. (1991) Rapid fully automatic SMPS for epitope mapping of influenza nucleoprotein. In E.Giralt & D.Andreu (Eds.), Peptides 90, Proc.21.EPS. (pp. 202-203). ESCOM, Leiden. #2950

525. Epton,R. (1990) Innovation and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis. Intercept Limited, Andover. ISBN 0946707448 #13446

526. Gausepohl,H., Kraft,M., Boulin,C. & Frank,R.W. (1990) A robotic workstation for automated multiple peptide synthesis. In R.Epton (Ed.), Innovations and Perspectives in Solid Phase Synthesis. (pp. 487-490). SPCC, Birmingham. #2637

527. Gausepohl,H., Kraft,M., Boulin,C. & Frank,R.W. (1990) Automated multiple peptide synthesis with BOP activation. In J.E.Rivier (Ed.), Peptides: Chemistry, Structure and Biology,Proc.11.APS. (pp. 1003-1004). ESCOM, Leiden. #3533

528. Gustavsson,B., & Betner,I. (1990) Fully automated amino acid analysis for protein and peptide hydrolysates by precolumn derivatization with 9-fluorenyl methylchloroformate and 1-aminoadamantane. J. Chromatogr., 507, 67-77. #6580

529. Hudson,D., Honig,J., Cook,R.M., & Ng,D.J. (1990) B.M.U.Millipore Corporation. Apparatus and process for performing repetitive chemical reactions. EP. 0355266A2. 89107707.5, #11754

530. Newman,A.R. (1990) Send in the robots. Anal. Chem., 62, 29A-34A. #11756

531. Otvos,L.Jr., Urge,L., Hollosi,M., Wroblewski,K., Graczyk,G., Fasman,G.D., & Thurin,J. (1990) Automated solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptides. Incorporation of unprotected monosaccharide and disaccharide units of N-glycoprotein antennae into T-cell epitopic peptides. Tetrahedron Lett., 31, 5889-5892. #7376

532. Roginski,E.T. (1990) I.D.M.U.Medical Automation Specialties. Method and apparatus for automatic processing and analyzing of blood serum. WO PCT. 90/03834. US89/04372, #11777

533. Amano,T., & Imada,I. (1989) L.O.J.Takeda Chemical Industries. Automatic analysis method and apparatus for enzyme reaction. US Patent. 4,835,707. 76,720, #11736

534. Bridgham,J., Geiser,T.G., Hunkapiller,M.W., Kent,S.B.H., Marriott,M.P., Ramstad,P.O., & Nordman,E.S. (1989) I.F.C.C.U.Applied Biosystems. Automated polypeptide synthesis process. US Patent. 4,816,513. 53,324, #6050 851

535. Robey,F.A., & Fields,R.L. (1989) Automated synthesis of N-bromoacetyl-modified peptides for the preparation of synthetic peptide polymers, peptide-protein conjugates, and cyclic peptides. Anal. Biochem., 177, 373-377. #4382

536. Schnorrenberg,G., & Gerhardt,H. (1989) Fully automatic simultaneous multiple peptide synthesis in micromolar scale: Rapid synthesis of series of peptides for screening in biological assays. Tetrahedron, 45, 7759-7764. #2969

537. Viswanadhan,V.N., Ghose,A.K., Revankar,G.R., & Robins,R.K. (1989) Atomic physicochemical parameters for three dimensional structure directed quantitative structure-activity relationships. 4.Additional parameters for hydrophobic and dispersive interactions and their application for an automated superposition of certain naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics. Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences, 29, 163-172. #5724

538. Cameron,L.R., Holder,J.L., Meldal,M., & Sheppard,R.C. (1988) Peptide synthesis. Part 13. Feedback control in solid phase synthesis. Use of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acid 3,4-dihydro- 4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl esters in a fully automated system. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 2895-2901. #4464

539. Geiser,T., Beilan,H., Bergot,B.J. & Otteson,K.M. (1988) Automation of solid-phase peptide synthesis. In D.H.Schlesinger (Ed.), Macromolecular Sequencing and Synthesis: Selected Methods and Applications. (pp. 199-218). Alan R.Liss,Inc., New York. #5220

540. Houghten,R.A. (1988) Methods for the rapid synthesis of large numbers of discrete peptides. In D.H.Schlesinger (Ed.), Macromolecular Sequencing and Synthesis: Selected Methods and Applications. (pp. 185-194). Alan R.Liss,Inc., New York. #2943

541. Newton,R., Fox,J.E., & Mizrahi,A. (1988) Automation of peptide synthesis. Synt. Peptide. Biotechnol., 1-24. #7304

542. Houghten,R.A. (1987) Is automated peptide synthesis slowing the advance of biochemical research? Trends Biotech., 5, 322-324. #2942

543. Hurst,W.J., & Mortimer,J.W. (1987) Laboratory Robotics: A Guide to Planning, Programming, and Applications. VCH Publishers, New York. #4825

544. Kaplan,B.E. & Itakura,K. (1987) DNA synthesis on solid supports and automation. In S.A.Narang (Ed.), Synthesis and Applications of DNA and RNA. (pp. 9-45). Academic Press, Orlando,FL. #2376

545. Lindner,W., & Robey,F.A. (1987) Automated synthesis and use of N-chloroacetyl-modified peptides for the preparation of synthetic peptide polymers and peptide- protein immunogens. Int. J. Peptide Prot. Res., 30, 794-800. #7054

546. Betner,I. (1986) New automated AAA by HPLC precolumn derivatization. Chromatography, 22, 381. #5976

547. Blaha,I., Zaoral,M., Krchnak,V., Jehnicka,J., Stepanek,J., & Kalousek,J. (1986) Automatic device for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Chem. Listy, 80, 994. #5992

548. Funatsu,K., Del Carpio,C.A., & Sasaki,S.I. (1986) Automated structure elucidation system - CHEMICS. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 324, 750-759. #4289

549. Clark-Lewis,I., & Kent,S.B.H. (1985) Automated chemical synthesis of a protein growth factor for hemopoietic cells, interleukin 3. Science, 231, 134. #6198

550. Takahashi,N., Ishioka,N., Takahashi,Y., & Putnam,F.W. (1985) Automated tandem HPLC system for separation of extremely complex peptide mixtures. J. Chromatogr., 326, 407. #7823

551. Guigan,J. (1983) J.Guigan. Autonomous simultaneous analysis aparatus and a method of using it. US Patent. 4,412,973. 330,430, #8363

552. Jonczyk,A. & Meienhofer,J. (1983) Automated flow reactor synthesizer for fast synthesis of peptides using Fmoc protection. In V.J.Hruby & D.H.Rich (Eds.), Peptides: Structure and Function, Proc.8.APS. (pp. 73-77). Pierce Chemical Company, Rockford. #5403

553. Birr,C. (1978) Automatization of the Merrifield peptide synthesis. In C.Birr (Ed.), Aspects of the Merrifield Peptide Synthesis. (pp. 72-80). Springer-Verlag, Berlin;New York. #9832

554. Lessnig,W., Metz,G., Spiegel,W., & Fleischer,J. (1978) L.G.Bayer Aktiengesellschaft. Storage device for sample containers. US Patent. 4,096,965. 724,199, #11752

555. F.Hoffmann-La Roche & Co.Aktiengesellschaft. (1975) F.Hoffmann-La Roche & Co.Aktiengesellschaft. Method and apparatus for closing sample tubes. GB. 1383937. 29549/72, #11795

556. Brunfeldt,K. (1973) Automation in solid phase peptide synthesis. In H.Hanson & H.D.Jakubke (Eds.), Peptides 1972, Proc.12.EPS. (pp. 141-151). North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam. #5419

557. Hancock,W.S., Prescott,D.J., Vagelos,R., & Marshall,G.R. (1973) Solvation of polymer matrix. Source of truncated and deletion sequences in solid phase synthesis. J. Org. Chem., 38, 774-781. #3483

558. Harris,R.J.Sr., & Harris,R.J.Jr. (1971) Precision Sampling Corporation. Septum valves. US Patent. 3,603,471. 879,232, #11753

559. Edman,P., & Begg,G. (1967) A protein sequenator. Automated equipment for sequence determination. Eur. J. Biochem., 1, 80-91. #744